Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List St Pancras RegD/PLPar	Tottenham Court SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	180	10
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	37	7
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	26	2
Police	108	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	7	-
Other Local or County Official	2	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	18	4
Army Officer (effective/retired)	12	4
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	2	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	2	-
Army Pensioner	1	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	604	440
Clergymen (Established Church)	13	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	1	1
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	3	6
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	6
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	3
Barrister, Solicitor	48	-
Law Student	11	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	55	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	47	-
Dentist	18	5
Medical Student, Assistant	34	6
Subordinate Medical Service	3	154
Schoolmaster	19	54
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	34	61
School Service, and others connected with teaching	4	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	20	4
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	3	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	9	2
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	9	-
Civil Engineer	21	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	6	-
Painter (artist)	79	28
Engraver (artist)	13	-
Sculptor	9	1
Architect	24	-
Musician, Music Master	68	45
Art Student	6	22
Photographer	9	3
Actor	6	30
Art, Music, Theatre Service	15	5
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	4	2
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	10	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	452	2,411
Domestic Coachman, Groom	9	-
Domestic Gardener	1	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	156	1,862
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	3	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	225	71
College, Club Service	7	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	7
Cook (not domestic)	26	1
Charwoman	-	162
Washing and Bathing Service	12	259
Hospital and Institution Service	7	47
Others engaged in Service	4	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	645	24
Merchant	38	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	46	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	10	-
Accountant	24	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	19	10
Commercial Traveller	69	1
Commercial Clerk	396	12
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Banker	1	-
Bank Service	27	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	14	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	941	17
Railway Guard	2	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	50	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	20	4
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	180	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	235	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	1	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	13	-
Ship Steward, Cook	3	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	3	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	49	5
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	380	5
Telegraph, Telephone Service	4	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	26	16
Farmer, Grazier	5	-
Farm Bailiff	4	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	5	6
Woodman	1	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	5	10
Gardener (not domestic)	6	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	143	5
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	2	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	110	4
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	29	-
Drover	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	-	1
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	267	67
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	17	-
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	24	3
Bookbinder	32	43
Printer	157	10
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	14	9
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	17	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	4	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	2	2
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	263	20
Engine, Machine Maker	24	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	26	-
Boiler Maker	1	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	2	-
Saw Maker	1	-
Needle Maker	-	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	51	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	20	1
Electrical Apparatus Maker	10	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	5	2
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	8	1
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	97	4
Type Cutter, Founder	3	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	8	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	9
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	-	1
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	3	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,707	180
Builder	48	-
Carpenter, Joiner	224	1
Bricklayer	81	-
Mason	41	1
Slater, Tiler	2	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	16	-
Paperhanger	7	-
Plumber	61	-
Painter, Glazier	293	1
Cabinet Maker	515	145
French Polisher	129	2
Furniture Broker, Dealer	39	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	7	-
Gas Fitter	26	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	18	4
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	14	-
Others	-	1
Wood Carver	32	1
Carver, Gilder	128	1
Dealer in Works of Art	16	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	2	1
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	5	-
Artificial Flower Maker	3	21
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	117	2
Coachmaker	65	1
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	27	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	24	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	2	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	1	-
Sail Maker	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	58	14
Dye, Paint Manufacture	19	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	5	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	10
Chemist, Druggist	28	-
Manufacturing Chemist	4	4
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	38	12
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	35	12
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	3	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	612	187
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	53	10
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	5	85
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	32	8
Maltster	1	-
Brewer	17	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	11	-
Cellarman	36	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	15	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	23	19
Cheesemonger, Butterman	22	2
Butcher, Meat Salesman	68	3
Provision Curer, Dealer	21	3
Poulterer, Game Dealer	6	1
Fishmonger	23	1
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	7	-
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	69	5
Confectioner, Pastrycook	28	28
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	47	8
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	8	6
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	91	8
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	28	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	372	139
Woolstapler	1	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	4	2
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	6	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	10	-
Crepe, Gauze Manufacture	-	2
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	1	2
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	2	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	13
Mat Maker, Seller	2	1
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	11	4
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	9	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	300	61
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	5
Trimming Maker, Dealer	13	28
Embroiderer	4	19
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	591	1,376
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	15	4
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	4	12
Tailor	245	155
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	21	949
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	4	194
Hosiery Manufacture	3	-
Hosier, Haberdasher	13	4
Glover, Glove Maker	1	1
Button Maker, Dealer	2	7
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	225	30
Patten, Clog Maker	2	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	46	5
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	7	5
Accoutrement Maker	1	6
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	2	4
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	70	45
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	4	1
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Others	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	10	7
Currier	14	2
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	18	11
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	3	2
Brush, Broom, Maker	12	9
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	5	13
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	156	70
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Oil and Colourman	20	2
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Japanner	5	2
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	3	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Others	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	21	2
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	5	-
Thatcher	-	1
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	13	-
Sawyer	10	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	18	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	7	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	-	1
Paper Manufacture	2	2
Envelope Maker	-	8
Stationer, Law Stationer	26	22
Card, Pattern Card Maker	4	4
Paper Stainer	2	1
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	6	6
Ticket, Label Writer	1	19
Others	6	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	578	35
Coal Miner	1	-
Coal Merchant	11	2
Coalheaver	28	-
Gas Works Service	1	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	4	1
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Paviour	4	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	1	-
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	1	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	2	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	6	-
Glass Manufacture	30	2
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	17	4
Waterworks Service	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	143	11
Gold, Silver, Beater	6	-
Lapidary	3	-
Others	3	2
[Iron Manufacture]	10	-
Blacksmith	64	-
Whitesmith	15	-
Nail Manufacture	-	1
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	2	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	31	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	4	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	1
[Coppersmith]	3	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	55	3
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	12	2
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	86	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	3
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	6	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	8	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	12	2
Fancy Chain, Gilt Toy Maker	-	1
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	475	150
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	90	35
Pawnbroker	24	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	29	13
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	12	4
General Labourer	191	3
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	15	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	71	20
Apprentice (undefined)	3	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	34	2
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	6	71
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	14	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	10	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	4	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	163	455
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	163	455
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	168	4,043
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	15	14
[Blank field, or illegible]	153	4,029

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)