1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Southwark RegD/PLU	St Peter Walworth SubD	Newington Vest/AP/CP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	419	15
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	98	12
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	136	-
Prison Service, &c.	2	1
Police	157	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	12	1
Other Local or County Official	13	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	43	2
Army Officer (effective/retired)	5	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	14	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	1	-
Army Pensioner	13	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	3	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	1	-
Navy Pensioner	5	2
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	659	416
Clergymen (Established Church)	15	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	5	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	18	8
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	1
Theological Student	30	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	6
Barrister, Solicitor	14	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	202	2
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	20	1
Dentist	9	1
Medical Student, Assistant	10	-
Midwife	-	5
Subordinate Medical Service	6	143
Schoolmaster	57	159
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	9	6
School Service, and others connected with teaching	4	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	25	2
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	16	2
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	4	-
Civil Engineer	10	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	10	-
Painter (artist)	30	7
Engraver (artist)	16	-
Sculptor	7	-
Architect	12	-
Musician, Music Master	63	43
Art Student	2	3
Photographer	21	3
Actor	10	18
Art, Music, Theatre Service	10	1
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	3	2
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	17	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	417	2,204
Domestic Coachman, Groom	42	-
Domestic Gardener	7	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	71	1,306
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	225	62
College, Club Service	6	2
Office Keeper (not Government)	3	4
Cook (not domestic)	35	10
Charwoman	1	184
Washing and Bathing Service	13	627
Hospital and Institution Service	4	6
Others engaged in Service	8	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	1,493	67
Merchant	8	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	79	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	17	-
Accountant	29	2
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	20	10
Commercial Traveller	292	4
Commercial Clerk	978	48
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	2	-
Banker	1	-
Bank Service	21	2
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	45	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	2,097	27
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	23	-
Railway Guard	8	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	11	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	197	1
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	31	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	277	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	608	8
Tramway Companies' Service	3	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	10	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	32	-
Ship Steward, Cook	7	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	44	1
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	238	2
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	569	5
Telegraph, Telephone Service	37	9
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	41	7
Farmer, Grazier	3	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	8	1
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	6	2
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	12	4
Gardener (not domestic)	11	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	223	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	4	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	156	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	47	1
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	1	-
Drover	7	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	7	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	1,370	226
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	95	6
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	4	1
Bookbinder	181	197
Printer	944	12
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	29	5
Others	2	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	87	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	14	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	14	5
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	466	32
Engine, Machine Maker	112	6
Millwright	6	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	110	3
Boiler Maker	20	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	3	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	5	1
Cutler, Scissors Maker	8	1
File Maker	2	-
Saw Maker	2	-
Pin Maker	1	2
Pencil Maker (Wood)	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	36	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	31	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	10	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	19	2
Surgical Instrument Maker	13	3
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	13	1
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	32	3
Type Cutter, Founder	6	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	4	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	11	7
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	6	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	12	2
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,289	76
Builder	73	-
Carpenter, Joiner	589	2
Bricklayer	338	5
Mason	122	1
Slater, Tiler	12	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	118	-
Paperhanger	39	1
Plumber	106	-
Painter, Glazier	497	4
Cabinet Maker	149	17
French Polisher	53	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	23	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	4	-
Gas Fitter	78	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	24	2
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	13	-
Others	1	-
Wood Carver	9	-
Carver, Gilder	33	1
Dealer in Works of Art	6	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Artificial Flower Maker	1	42
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	201	10
Coachmaker	83	2
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	5	-
Wheelwright	60	1
Others	13	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	40	7
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	8	2
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	3	1
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	2	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	2	-
Sail Maker	1	1
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	77	19
Dye, Paint Manufacture	10	1
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	2	-
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	-	1
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	4	2
Chemist, Druggist	43	3
Manufacturing Chemist	17	11
Alkali Manufacture	-	1
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	88	33
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	79	30
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	9	3
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,319	156
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	60	3
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	3	9
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	23	5
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	6	-
Maltster	4	-
Brewer	10	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	28	6
Cellarman	72	4
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	17	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	72	5
Cheesemonger, Butterman	55	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	238	14
Provision Curer, Dealer	31	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	9	-
Fishmonger	118	7
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	26	6
Corn Miller	5	-
Baker	168	18
Confectioner, Pastrycook	43	32
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	96	11
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	9	11
Sugar Refiner	3	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	184	19
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	39	3
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	244	234
Woolstapler	3	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	7	-
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	1	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	3	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	3	5
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	2	3
Crepe, Gauze Manufacture	-	2
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	2	-
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	2	-
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	2
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	5	15
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	18	-
Mat Maker, Seller	9	3
Net Maker	1	1
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	7	4
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	3	3
Weaver (undefined)	4	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	10	13
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	-	1
Felt Manufacture	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	1	2
Manchester Warehouseman	2	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	137	116
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	11	21
Trimming Maker, Dealer	8	23
Embroiderer	1	18
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	1,147	2,102
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	145	68
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	3	6
Tailor	198	147
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	33	1,063
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	35	579
Hosiery Manufacture	6	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	44	51
Glover, Glove Maker	-	2
Button Maker, Dealer	5	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	605	156
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	50	2
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	15	14
Accoutrement Maker	5	7
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	3	6
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	417	147
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	12	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	2	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Manure Manufacture	3	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	14	-
Comb Maker	3	-
Others	-	1
Furrier, Skinner	42	50
Tanner, Fellmonger	27	1
Currier	152	7
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	45	10
Parchment, Vellum - Maker, Dealer	17	-
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	1	1
Brush, Broom, Maker	92	63
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	5	14
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	624	199
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Oil and Colourman	46	3
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	38	1
Japanner	13	1
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	7	1
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	3	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	29	7
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	72	5
Sawyer	49	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	13	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	60	4
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	80	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	26	5
Others	1	-
Paper Manufacture	21	13
Envelope Maker	8	39
Stationer, Law Stationer	117	35
Card, Pattern Card Maker	1	1
Paper Stainer	11	1
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	9	78
Ticket, Label Writer	9	3
Others	6	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	846	28
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Coal Merchant	13	-
Coalheaver	37	1
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Gas Works Service	21	-
Stone Quarrier	2	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	31	3
Slate Quarrier	2	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	7	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	2	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	9	-
Paviour	9	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	8	-
Railway Contractor	6	-
Platelayer	7	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	16	-
Others	6	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	10	3
Glass Manufacture	53	6
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	22	3
Waterworks Service	4	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	67	3
Gold, Silver, Beater	9	1
Others	7	-
[Iron Manufacture]	72	2
Blacksmith	95	-
Whitesmith	14	-
Nail Manufacture	3	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	45	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	5	-
[Coppersmith]	11	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	72	2
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	27	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	13	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	85	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	2
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	9	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	28	2
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	8	-
Others	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,522	399
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	200	66
Pawnbroker	36	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	178	55
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	23	12
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	814	10
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	99	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	57	25
Apprentice (undefined)	7	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	95	17
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	11	211
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	30	5
Town Drainage Service	6	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	15	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	5	3
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	4	2
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	217	1,064
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	217	1,064
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	362	9,725
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	12	12
[Blank field, or illegible]	350	9,713

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

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Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

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