Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Holborn RegD/PLU	Amwell SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	291	10
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	37	6
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	43	1
Prison Service, &c.	67	2
Police	121	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	20	1
Other Local or County Official	3	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	17	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	11	1
Army Pensioner	3	-
Seaman, R.N.	3	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	366	166
Clergymen (Established Church)	8	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	4	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	3	1
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	29
Theological Student	5	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	1	1
Barrister, Solicitor	15	1
Law Student	8	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	87	2
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	9	-
Dentist	6	1
Medical Student, Assistant	59	-
Subordinate Medical Service	1	36
Schoolmaster	12	28
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	6	24
School Service, and others connected with teaching	2	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	18	3
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	3	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	3	-
Civil Engineer	9	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	7	-
Painter (artist)	13	2
Engraver (artist)	12	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	9	-
Musician, Music Master	38	20
Art Student	3	2
Photographer	4	4
Actor	12	7
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	2
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	5	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	192	765
Domestic Coachman, Groom	37	-
Domestic Gardener	11	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	39	522
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	1	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	79	23
College, Club Service	1	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	1	-
Cook (not domestic)	15	-
Charwoman	-	79
Washing and Bathing Service	4	138
Hospital and Institution Service	1	-
Others engaged in Service	3	1
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	453	18
Merchant	5	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	16	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	8	-
Accountant	7	2
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	3	5
Commercial Traveller	59	1
Commercial Clerk	317	9
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Bank Service	21	1
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	16	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	669	6
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	4	-
Railway Guard	2	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	48	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	4	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	112	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	171	1
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	6	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	34	-
Ship Steward, Cook	9	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	8	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	58	4
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	204	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	8	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	9	15
Farmer, Grazier	2	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	2	2
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	3	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	-	13
Gardener (not domestic)	1	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	62	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	36	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	21	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	1	-
Drover	2	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	614	200
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	24	3
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	6
Bookbinder	128	184
Printer	378	7
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	8	-
Others	5	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	56	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	5	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	9	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	314	22
Engine, Machine Maker	46	5
Millwright	1	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	34	-
Boiler Maker	2	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	8	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	6	-
File Maker	2	-
Saw Maker	1	-
Pencil Maker (Wood)	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	83	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	33	3
Electrical Apparatus Maker	10	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	7	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	10	3
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	33	4
Type Cutter, Founder	27	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	2	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	1
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	3	3
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	2	2
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,042	168
Builder	14	-
Carpenter, Joiner	193	1
Bricklayer	170	-
Mason	37	-
Slater, Tiler	2	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	24	-
Paperhanger	16	-
Plumber	41	-
Painter, Glazier	203	2
Cabinet Maker	119	11
French Polisher	41	15
Furniture Broker, Dealer	9	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	6	-
Gas Fitter	43	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	13	2
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	2	1
Others	2	-
Wood Carver	9	-
Carver, Gilder	67	3
Dealer in Works of Art	3	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	4	1
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	4	-
Artificial Flower Maker	20	132
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	49	1
Coachmaker	23	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	13	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	12	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	3	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	1	-
Sail Maker	2	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	34	17
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	3	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	-	11
Chemist, Druggist	25	3
Manufacturing Chemist	6	3
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	24	16
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	20	13
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	4	3
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	410	59
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	23	1
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	28
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	17	-
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Brewer	25	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	6	1
Cellarman	20	1
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	9	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	32	3
Cheesemonger, Butterman	20	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	73	1
Provision Curer, Dealer	6	1
Poulterer, Game Dealer	3	-
Fishmonger	17	-
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	1	1
Baker	60	1
Confectioner, Pastrycook	29	11
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	22	5
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	44	5
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	2	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	73	73
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	2	1
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	1	-
Others	2	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	4	3
Silk Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	1
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	3
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Mat Maker, Seller	4	-
Net Maker	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	1	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	5	2
Felt Manufacture	2	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	37	23
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	8
Trimming Maker, Dealer	1	20
Embroiderer	-	8
Others	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	272	445
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	9	3
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	3	2
Tailor	117	41
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	5	278
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	2	60
Hosiery Manufacture	-	2
Hosier, Haberdasher	8	28
Button Maker, Dealer	1	2
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	105	15
Patten, Clog Maker	1	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	16	2
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	3	7
Accoutrement Maker	1	1
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	4
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	89	86
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	12	-
Comb Maker	1	-
Others	-	2
Furrier, Skinner	17	29
Currier	8	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	30	11
Parchment, Vellum - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	1	6
Brush, Broom, Maker	14	19
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	5	17
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	189	126
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	13	3
Japanner	7	11
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	3	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Others	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	11	2
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	19	-
Sawyer	11	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	5	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	27	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	9	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Paper Manufacture	5	6
Envelope Maker	-	21
Stationer, Law Stationer	44	23
Card, Pattern Card Maker	5	2
Paper Stainer	12	4
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	6	53
Others	6	1
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	592	71
Copper Miner	1	-
Coal Merchant	6	-
Coalheaver	6	-
Gas Works Service	12	-
Stone Quarrier	1	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	6	1
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	6	-
Paviour	5	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	1	-
Glass Manufacture	69	3
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	6	2
Waterworks Service	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	161	16
Gold, Silver, Beater	3	-
Lapidary	2	1
Others	13	19
[Iron Manufacture]	20	2
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	45	-
Whitesmith	4	-
Nail Manufacture	1	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	-	2
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	15	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	5	-
[Coppersmith]	9	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	37	13
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	1
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	8	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	91	2
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	9	7
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	10	1
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	15	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	5	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	8	-
Fancy Chain, Gilt Toy Maker	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	707	110
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	34	24
Pawnbroker	11	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	12	2
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	8	-
General Labourer	518	2
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	25	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	51	10
Apprentice (undefined)	6	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	34	4
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	8	67
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	13	1
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	8	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	3	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	42	184
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	42	184
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	237	2,929
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	10	12
[Blank field, or illegible]	227	2,917

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)