Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List City of London RegD/PLU	Cripplegate SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	108	2
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	8	1
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	10	-
Police	78	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	12	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	-	1
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	3	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	1	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	1	-
Army Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	43	34
Clergymen (Established Church)	4	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	1	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	-	1
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	2	5
Barrister, Solicitor	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	8	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	4	-
Dentist	1	-
Medical Student, Assistant	4	-
Subordinate Medical Service	-	7
Schoolmaster	3	12
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	2	5
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	1	1
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	2	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Civil Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	1	-
Engraver (artist)	1	-
Architect	1	-
Musician, Music Master	1	2
Photographer	2	-
Art, Music, Theatre Service	-	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	150	616
Domestic Coachman, Groom	2	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	36	401
Inn, Hotel Servant	95	69
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	16
Cook (not domestic)	11	2
Charwoman	-	68
Washing and Bathing Service	-	60
Hospital and Institution Service	1	-
Others engaged in Service	3	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	223	14
Merchant	12	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	7	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	2	-
Accountant	3	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	4	1
Commercial Traveller	45	-
Commercial Clerk	144	13
Bank Service	5	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	1	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	483	15
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	1	-
Railway Guard	1	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	1	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	18	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	5	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	16	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	56	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	6	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	6	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	167	12
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	204	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	-	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	5	5
Farmer, Grazier	2	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	2	3
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	1	2
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	33	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	5	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	18	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	10	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	107	65
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	1	2
Bookbinder	26	53
Printer	66	9
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	2	-
Others	1	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	9	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	1	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	1	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	28	5
Engine, Machine Maker	5	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	3	-
Saw Maker	2	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	5	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	2	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	1	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	-	1
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	2	-
Type Cutter, Founder	3	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	3	-
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	-	2
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	-	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	117	24
Builder	8	-
Carpenter, Joiner	32	2
Bricklayer	8	-
Mason	8	-
Plumber	8	-
Painter, Glazier	19	-
Cabinet Maker	9	5
French Polisher	3	2
Furniture Broker, Dealer	1	-
Gas Fitter	7	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	1	-
Wood Carver	1	-
Carver, Gilder	9	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	-	1
Artificial Flower Maker	-	14
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	16	5
Coachmaker	1	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	14	5
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	2	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	1	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	14	1
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	2	-
Chemist, Druggist	11	-
Manufacturing Chemist	1	1
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	18	1
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	17	1
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	1	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	198	33
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	43	7
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	5
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	24	13
Brewer	10	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	1	-
Cellarman	7	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	1	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	12	1
Cheesemonger, Butterman	4	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	23	1
Provision Curer, Dealer	5	-
Fishmonger	7	-
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Baker	31	3
Confectioner, Pastrycook	7	2
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	3	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	17	1
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	173	37
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	7	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	2	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	4	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	7	4
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	2
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	3	5
Weaver (undefined)	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	-	1
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	-	1
Felt Manufacture	-	1
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	2	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	133	5
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	2
Trimming Maker, Dealer	7	9
Embroiderer	-	6
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	217	272
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	6	1
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	4
Tailor	94	48
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	15	103
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	6	57
Hosiery Manufacture	-	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	5	26
Button Maker, Dealer	1	2
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	60	10
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	7	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	20	20
Accoutrement Maker	1	-
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	39	39
Soap Boiler, Maker	2	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	2	3
Furrier, Skinner	13	10
Currier	12	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	3	12
Brush, Broom, Maker	2	1
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	5	12
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	49	66
Oil and Colourman	4	-
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	3	1
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	-	1
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Sawyer	1	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	4	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	5	-
Others	1	-
Paper Manufacture	1	1
Envelope Maker	-	10
Stationer, Law Stationer	12	10
Paper Stainer	2	-
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	11	39
Ticket, Label Writer	1	4
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	71	5
Coal Merchant	1	1
Gas Works Service	3	-
Stone Quarrier	-	1
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	3	-
Paviour	1	-
Platelayer	2	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	2	-
Glass Manufacture	4	-
Waterworks Service	3	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	8	-
Gold, Silver, Beater	1	-
Others	2	2
[Iron Manufacture]	5	-
[Steel Manufacture]	1	-
Blacksmith	8	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	4	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	1	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	7	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	11	1
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	159	78
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	14	15
Pawnbroker	11	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	6	2
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	13	4
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	59	-
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	5	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	17	6
Apprentice (undefined)	2	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	28	5
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	3	45
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	12	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	12	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	19	221
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	19	221
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	39	651
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	2	1
[Blank field, or illegible]	37	650

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)