Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List St Marylebone RegD/PLPar	All Souls SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	102	3
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	2	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	32	2
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	37	1
Police	11	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	16	-
Other Local or County Official	3	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	49	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	25	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	2	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	8	-
Army Pensioner	9	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	3	-
Navy Pensioner	2	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	484	419
Clergymen (Established Church)	19	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	2	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	1	3
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	62
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	10	8
Barrister, Solicitor	28	1
Law Student	3	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	57	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	33	-
Dentist	34	-
Medical Student, Assistant	21	-
Midwife	-	3
Subordinate Medical Service	3	107
Schoolmaster	31	63
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	24	59
School Service, and others connected with teaching	-	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	6	4
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	3	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	5	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	3	-
Civil Engineer	7	-
Mining Engineer	2	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	2	-
Painter (artist)	59	19
Engraver (artist)	10	-
Sculptor	5	-
Architect	7	-
Musician, Music Master	49	44
Art Student	5	10
Photographer	12	5
Actor	16	22
Art, Music, Theatre Service	8	5
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	7	2
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	11	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	656	2,298
Domestic Coachman, Groom	37	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	259	1,750
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	1	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	296	72
College, Club Service	20	2
Office Keeper (not Government)	8	7
Cook (not domestic)	19	9
Charwoman	-	144
Washing and Bathing Service	8	214
Hospital and Institution Service	1	100
Others engaged in Service	7	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	556	73
Merchant	48	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	50	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	7	-
Accountant	14	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	11	39
Commercial Traveller	83	1
Commercial Clerk	326	29
Banker	1	-
Bank Service	10	2
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	2	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	4	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	709	13
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	1	-
Railway Guard	2	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	30	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	4	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	116	2
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	121	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	10	-
Ship Steward, Cook	2	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	37	3
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	381	5
Telegraph, Telephone Service	4	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	18	3
Farmer, Grazier	4	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	8	1
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	2	2
Gardener (not domestic)	3	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	70	2
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	58	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	11	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	242	25
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	25	-
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	34	-
Bookbinder	31	19
Printer	110	2
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	11	1
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	23	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	7	1
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	1	2
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	227	24
Engine, Machine Maker	13	2
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	25	-
Boiler Maker	1	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	1	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	1
Cutler, Scissors Maker	6	-
Saw Maker	1	1
Needle Maker	-	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	42	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	5	2
Electrical Apparatus Maker	8	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	21	8
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	16	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	71	3
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	9	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	2	4
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	3	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,402	152
Builder	49	1
Carpenter, Joiner	192	-
Bricklayer	57	-
Mason	30	-
Slater, Tiler	2	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	19	-
Paperhanger	11	-
Plumber	66	-
Painter, Glazier	282	-
Cabinet Maker	326	92
French Polisher	105	3
Furniture Broker, Dealer	18	3
Locksmith, Bellhanger	10	-
Gas Fitter	44	2
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	22	7
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	7	-
Wood Carver	32	-
Carver, Gilder	104	3
Dealer in Works of Art	15	3
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	1
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	8	1
Artificial Flower Maker	-	36
[Others]	2	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	120	5
Coachmaker	78	3
Wheelwright	9	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	33	2
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	74	6
Dye, Paint Manufacture	16	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	46	4
Manufacturing Chemist	9	2
Alkali Manufacture	2	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	29	4
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	28	4
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	1	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	619	124
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	70	14
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	17	51
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	36	10
Brewer	5	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	9	1
Cellarman	17	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	28	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	21	13
Cheesemonger, Butterman	22	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	60	1
Provision Curer, Dealer	21	1
Poulterer, Game Dealer	7	1
Fishmonger	27	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	12	1
Baker	88	8
Confectioner, Pastrycook	25	13
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	38	1
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	2	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	82	6
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	32	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	279	190
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	18	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	8	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	8	2
Silk Merchant, Dealer	7	-
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	9	36
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Mat Maker, Seller	-	3
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	1	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	9	5
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	5	1
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	184	83
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	5
Trimming Maker, Dealer	15	17
Embroiderer	6	36
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	1,169	2,025
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	11	3
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	2	9
Tailor	653	348
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	32	1,392
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	9	192
Hosiery Manufacture	1	-
Hosier, Haberdasher	24	7
Glover, Glove Maker	1	3
Button Maker, Dealer	1	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	381	49
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	45	5
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	8	2
Accoutrement Maker	1	6
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	8
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	91	46
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	3	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	6	-
Comb Maker	-	1
Furrier, Skinner	18	14
Currier	15	3
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	24	10
Parchment, Vellum - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	4	5
Brush, Broom, Maker	12	1
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	7	12
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	141	31
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	30	2
Japanner	2	1
Others	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	17	4
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Sawyer	10	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	1	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	21	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	7	-
Paper Manufacture	3	1
Envelope Maker	1	2
Stationer, Law Stationer	31	13
Card, Pattern Card Maker	5	-
Paper Stainer	-	2
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	5	3
Ticket, Label Writer	1	2
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	453	21
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Coal Merchant	5	-
Coalheaver	1	-
Stone Quarrier	1	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	-	1
Paviour	3	-
Platelayer	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	4	1
Glass Manufacture	32	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	24	3
Waterworks Service	4	-
Others	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	136	8
Gold, Silver, Beater	3	1
Lapidary	3	-
Others	5	2
[Iron Manufacture]	17	-
Blacksmith	47	-
Whitesmith	16	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	26	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	1	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	23	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	8	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	65	1
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	-	4
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	6	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	9	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	5	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	270	224
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	58	64
Pawnbroker	14	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	3	5
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	18	9
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	79	4
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	14	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	40	66
Apprentice (undefined)	9	9
Factory Labourer (undefined)	30	2
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	4	65
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	14	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	8	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	6	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	165	663
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	165	663
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	111	3,585
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	10	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	101	3,583

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)