Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List City of London RegD/PLU	St Botolph SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	197	1
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	8	-
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	10	1
Police	159	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	20	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	13	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	4	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	5	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	1	-
Army Pensioner	2	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	61	53
Clergymen (Established Church)	3	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	2	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	1	1
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	2
Barrister, Solicitor	3	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	7	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	5	-
Dentist	3	-
Medical Student, Assistant	1	-
Subordinate Medical Service	-	21
Schoolmaster	8	16
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	2	6
School Service, and others connected with teaching	-	1
Author, Editor, Journalist	3	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	1	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	3	-
Civil Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	1	-
Painter (artist)	2	-
Engraver (artist)	1	-
Musician, Music Master	3	6
Photographer	3	-
Actor	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	3	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	153	973
Domestic Coachman, Groom	1	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	51	638
Inn, Hotel Servant	83	81
College, Club Service	1	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	10	59
Cook (not domestic)	4	-
Charwoman	-	114
Washing and Bathing Service	1	77
Hospital and Institution Service	-	2
Others engaged in Service	2	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	192	14
Merchant	22	1
Broker, Agent, Factor	12	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	1	-
Accountant	3	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	3	4
Commercial Traveller	41	1
Commercial Clerk	107	8
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Bank Service	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	1	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	431	7
Railway Guard	2	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	33	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	5	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	20	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	75	1
Inland Navigation Service	2	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	9	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	32	-
Ship Steward, Cook	3	2
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	39	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	49	1
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	157	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	3	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	42	9
Farmer, Grazier	2	-
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	37	7
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	-	2
Gardener (not domestic)	1	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	23	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	10	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	5	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	3	-
Drover	3	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
Fisherman	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	110	39
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	2	2
Bookbinder	18	35
Printer	78	2
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	5	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	6	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	51	3
Engine, Machine Maker	6	-
Millwright	1	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	3	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Tool Maker, Dealer	3	1
Cutler, Scissors Maker	4	-
Pin Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	21	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	3	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	2	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	2	1
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	1	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	216	9
Builder	1	-
Carpenter, Joiner	64	-
Bricklayer	29	-
Mason	4	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	3	-
Paperhanger	1	-
Plumber	9	-
Painter, Glazier	32	-
Cabinet Maker	38	4
French Polisher	5	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	5	2
Gas Fitter	7	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	1	-
Wood Carver	2	-
Carver, Gilder	13	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	-
Artificial Flower Maker	-	3
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	18	1
Coachmaker	4	-
Wheelwright	3	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	11	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	8	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	1	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	6	-
Sail Maker	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	13	2
Chemist, Druggist	10	1
Manufacturing Chemist	2	1
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	74	21
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	73	21
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	1	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	351	49
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	45	11
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	4	3
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	28	5
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	2	-
Cellarman	19	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	4	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	11	-
Cheesemonger, Butterman	2	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	71	3
Provision Curer, Dealer	8	3
Poulterer, Game Dealer	3	1
Fishmonger	13	1
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	46	1
Confectioner, Pastrycook	19	7
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	30	6
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	2	5
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	42	3
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	45	33
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	4	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	-	2
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	3
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Mat Maker, Seller	1	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	-	2
Weaver (undefined)	-	2
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	2	2
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	2	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	3	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	21	6
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	5
Trimming Maker, Dealer	2	5
Embroiderer	1	2
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	477	508
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	20	20
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	3
Tailor	262	261
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	1	123
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	53
Hosiery Manufacture	1	-
Hosier, Haberdasher	13	4
Glover, Glove Maker	-	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	148	20
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	17	1
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	13	15
Accoutrement Maker	1	-
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	7
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	37	48
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	2	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	4	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	3	-
Others	2	1
Furrier, Skinner	11	13
Tanner, Fellmonger	1	-
Currier	4	3
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	4	-
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	4	4
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	27
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	70	31
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Oil and Colourman	3	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	1	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	6	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Sawyer	1	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	6	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	11	1
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	6	-
Paper Manufacture	8	1
Envelope Maker	1	7
Stationer, Law Stationer	16	2
Card, Pattern Card Maker	1	2
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	3	12
Ticket, Label Writer	3	2
Others	-	1
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	106	7
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Coal Merchant	1	1
Coalheaver	3	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	3	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	2	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Paviour	3	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	3	-
Glass Manufacture	8	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	5	1
Waterworks Service	3	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	22	2
Gold, Silver, Beater	1	-
Others	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	4	-
[Steel Manufacture]	1	-
Blacksmith	12	-
Whitesmith	1	-
Nail Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	6	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	1	-
[Coppersmith]	2	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	11	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	-	1
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	1	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	1
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	328	129
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	101	53
Pawnbroker	9	2
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	16	16
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	8	2
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	134	-
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	6	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	23	11
Apprentice (undefined)	5	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	16	6
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	8	37
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	16	1
Town Drainage Service	3	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	6	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	1	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	6	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	27	84
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	27	84
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	91	1,472
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	1	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	90	1,470

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)