Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Brighton RegD/Inc	Brighton CP/AP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	354	10
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	1	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	65	1
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	68	-
Police	143	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	47	5
Other Local or County Official	28	1
East Indian and Colonial Service	2	2
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	213	2
Army Officer (effective/retired)	92	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	25	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	15	-
Army Pensioner	37	1
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	12	1
Seaman, R.N.	11	-
Navy Pensioner	21	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	1,424	1,356
Clergymen (Established Church)	103	1
Roman Catholic Priest	5	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	20	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	20	9
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	21
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	15	7
Barrister, Solicitor	112	-
Law Student	10	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	98	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	95	-
Dentist	55	-
Medical Student, Assistant	20	1
Midwife	-	8
Subordinate Medical Service	13	299
Schoolmaster	168	540
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	97	228
School Service, and others connected with teaching	10	27
Author, Editor, Journalist	30	6
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	15	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	6	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	7	2
Civil Engineer	46	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	15	-
Painter (artist)	40	28
Engraver (artist)	8	-
Sculptor	5	-
Architect	43	-
Musician, Music Master	190	115
Art Student	15	6
Photographer	83	33
Actor	18	18
Art, Music, Theatre Service	8	2
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	13	3
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	38	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	1,270	11,483
Domestic Coachman, Groom	262	-
Domestic Gardener	31	1
Domestic Indoor Servant	496	8,298
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	1	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	353	223
College, Club Service	4	3
Office Keeper (not Government)	3	11
Cook (not domestic)	29	33
Charwoman	1	586
Washing and Bathing Service	75	2,261
Hospital and Institution Service	7	64
Others engaged in Service	8	3
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	1,150	109
Merchant	89	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	99	4
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	68	1
Accountant	67	2
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	6	18
Commercial Traveller	165	4
Commercial Clerk	541	75
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	9	-
Banker	9	-
Bank Service	47	2
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	8	1
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	42	2
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	2,687	36
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	127	2
Railway Guard	62	1
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	15	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	354	9
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	2	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	149	4
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	482	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	409	3
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	79	-
Inland Navigation Service	4	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	97	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	5	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	83	1
Pilot	1	-
Ship Steward, Cook	4	2
Boatman on Seas	11	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	5	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	28	3
Meter, Weigher	2	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	751	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	17	8
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	526	10
Farmer, Grazier	47	-
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	5	-
Farm Bailiff	2	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	160	7
Shepherd	1	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	2	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	6	-
Woodman	13	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	28	2
Gardener (not domestic)	261	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	532	3
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	8	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	225	3
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	28	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	10	-
Drover	8	-
Gamekeeper	4	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	5	-
Vermin Destroyer	1	-
Fisherman	239	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	4	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	458	48
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	66	19
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	10	1
Bookbinder	39	20
Printer	299	5
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	30	3
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	10	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	4	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	583	29
Engine, Machine Maker	97	2
Millwright	12	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	169	-
Boiler Maker	82	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	5	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	11	2
Saw Maker	3	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	114	3
Philosophical Instrument Maker	7	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	13	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	12	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	-	3
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	38	1
Type Cutter, Founder	1	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	12	18
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	3	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	4,802	131
Builder	187	1
Carpenter, Joiner	1,101	6
Bricklayer	1,178	1
Mason	97	2
Slater, Tiler	16	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	351	1
Paperhanger	88	1
Plumber	189	3
Painter, Glazier	876	7
Cabinet Maker	269	85
French Polisher	57	2
Furniture Broker, Dealer	63	8
Locksmith, Bellhanger	11	1
Gas Fitter	150	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	40	3
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	21	-
Others	4	-
Wood Carver	11	-
Carver, Gilder	66	1
Dealer in Works of Art	9	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	3	1
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	13	3
Artificial Flower Maker	2	5
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	457	2
Coachmaker	281	2
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	51	-
Wheelwright	60	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	12	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	53	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	31	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	14	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	4	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	1	-
Sail Maker	12	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	128	13
Dye, Paint Manufacture	5	1
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	1	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	2	1
Chemist, Druggist	114	9
Manufacturing Chemist	5	2
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	53	12
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	41	12
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	12	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	3,035	1,035
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	260	39
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	148	679
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	40	13
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Maltster	25	-
Brewer	167	5
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	117	38
Cellarman	57	1
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	94	3
Milkseller, Dairyman	164	10
Cheesemonger, Butterman	17	3
Butcher, Meat Salesman	372	11
Provision Curer, Dealer	43	9
Poulterer, Game Dealer	41	3
Fishmonger	138	18
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	42	3
Corn Miller	14	-
Baker	461	34
Confectioner, Pastrycook	98	56
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	207	53
Sugar Refiner	8	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	453	54
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	68	3
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	441	302
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	3	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	3	1
Silk Merchant, Dealer	3	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	1
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	2	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	2	18
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	2	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	1	1
Mat Maker, Seller	2	1
Net Maker	1	1
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	2	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Weaver (undefined)	1	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	25	17
Felt Manufacture	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	6	-
Manchester Warehouseman	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	374	211
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	7	34
Trimming Maker, Dealer	1	1
Embroiderer	-	14
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	1,166	2,936
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	30	6
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	8
Tailor	512	127
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	21	2,284
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	2	411
Hosiery Manufacture	-	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	30	6
Glover, Glove Maker	3	4
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	453	49
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	101	13
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	12	11
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	2	16
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	79	17
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	14	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	9	-
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	1
Furrier, Skinner	7	7
Tanner, Fellmonger	2	-
Currier	15	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	14	1
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	2	3
Brush, Broom, Maker	12	2
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	2	2
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	370	52
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	8	-
Oil and Colourman	19	3
Japanner	3	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	3	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Others	1	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	38	10
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	6	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	49	-
Sawyer	51	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	14	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	30	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	32	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	5	2
Others	1	-
Paper Manufacture	8	3
Envelope Maker	-	1
Stationer, Law Stationer	75	20
Paper Stainer	1	-
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	4	11
Ticket, Label Writer	8	-
Others	8	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,384	36
Coal Miner	3	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	2	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	71	1
Coalheaver	58	1
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	1
Gas Works Service	58	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	7	1
Limeburner	1	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	2	-
Well Sinker, Borer	2	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	2	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	29	-
Paviour	7	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	2	-
Road Labourer	35	-
Railway Contractor	4	-
Platelayer	29	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	153	1
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	7	1
Glass Manufacture	7	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	32	8
Salt Maker, Dealer	1	-
Waterworks Service	11	1
Others	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	99	12
Gold, Silver, Beater	7	-
Lapidary	-	2
[Iron Manufacture]	169	1
[Steel Manufacture]	1	-
Blacksmith	235	1
Whitesmith	100	1
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	80	1
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	2	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
[Coppersmith]	12	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	51	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	13	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	3	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	59	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	-	2
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	5	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	8	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	6	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	4	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	2,020	442
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	127	174
Pawnbroker	29	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	228	108
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	26	21
Contractor (undefined)	6	-
General Labourer	1,396	5
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	63	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	85	76
Apprentice (undefined)	22	9
Factory Labourer (undefined)	23	1
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	15	48
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	61	2
Town Drainage Service	5	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	41	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	14	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	2
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	909	5,400
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	909	5,400
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	397	11,436
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	19	8
[Blank field, or illegible]	378	11,428

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)