1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Southwark RegD/PLU	Newington Vest/AP/CP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	840	37
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	206	32
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	249	2
Prison Service, &c.	4	1
Police	337	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	21	1
Other Local or County Official	20	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	3	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	77	2
Army Officer (effective/retired)	7	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	25	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	4	-
Army Pensioner	26	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	2	-
Seaman, R.N.	3	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	1	-
Navy Pensioner	9	2
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	1,383	838
Clergymen (Established Church)	36	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	7	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	28	15
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	18
Theological Student	35	1
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	9	11
Barrister, Solicitor	29	-
Law Student	4	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	368	7
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	57	1
Dentist	21	2
Medical Student, Assistant	77	2
Midwife	-	9
Subordinate Medical Service	13	233
Schoolmaster	117	294
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	19	24
School Service, and others connected with teaching	11	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	46	2
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	36	2
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	5	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	5	-
Civil Engineer	25	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	23	-
Painter (artist)	53	17
Engraver (artist)	24	-
Sculptor	14	-
Architect	27	-
Musician, Music Master	145	104
Art Student	5	7
Photographer	46	6
Actor	41	64
Art, Music, Theatre Service	20	5
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	11	7
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	25	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	918	4,252
Domestic Coachman, Groom	107	-
Domestic Gardener	7	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	163	2,719
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	8	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	499	179
College, Club Service	14	3
Office Keeper (not Government)	12	10
Cook (not domestic)	59	14
Charwoman	1	325
Washing and Bathing Service	24	984
Hospital and Institution Service	10	15
Others engaged in Service	14	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	2,821	116
Merchant	24	1
Broker, Agent, Factor	137	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	37	-
Accountant	58	2
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	57	22
Commercial Traveller	505	4
Commercial Clerk	1,863	81
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	4	1
Banker	2	-
Bank Service	45	3
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	2	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	87	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	3,855	50
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	24	-
Railway Guard	17	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	12	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	306	1
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	59	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	475	3
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	1,111	9
Tramway Companies' Service	12	2
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	40	1
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	62	-
Ship Steward, Cook	16	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	94	1
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	459	5
Meter, Weigher	2	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	1,101	10
Telegraph, Telephone Service	63	16
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	86	16
Farmer, Grazier	12	-
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	15	5
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	10	2
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	19	9
Gardener (not domestic)	28	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	419	3
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	13	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	287	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	88	2
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	3	-
Drover	16	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	3	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	9	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	2,334	471
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	151	13
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	9	5
Bookbinder	324	405
Printer	1,622	30
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	49	10
Others	3	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	132	1
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	17	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	27	7
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	988	56
Engine, Machine Maker	235	10
Millwright	9	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	242	5
Boiler Maker	50	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	8	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	5	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	18	1
Cutler, Scissors Maker	13	2
File Maker	15	-
Saw Maker	9	-
Pin Maker	1	2
Needle Maker	1	-
Steel Pen Maker	-	1
Pencil Maker (Wood)	1	2
Domestic Implement Maker	2	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	85	2
Philosophical Instrument Maker	52	2
Electrical Apparatus Maker	16	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	38	2
Surgical Instrument Maker	26	8
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	17	1
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	64	3
Type Cutter, Founder	9	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	11	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	21	11
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	7	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	30	4
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	4,134	170
Builder	155	-
Carpenter, Joiner	1,082	5
Bricklayer	600	7
Mason	212	1
Slater, Tiler	27	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	175	-
Paperhanger	57	2
Plumber	187	1
Painter, Glazier	816	8
Cabinet Maker	304	47
French Polisher	98	4
Furniture Broker, Dealer	43	3
Locksmith, Bellhanger	12	-
Gas Fitter	164	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	59	4
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	19	1
Others	3	-
Wood Carver	18	-
Carver, Gilder	80	2
Dealer in Works of Art	8	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	-
Artificial Flower Maker	10	85
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	413	22
Coachmaker	151	4
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	5	-
Wheelwright	138	1
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Others	28	1
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	87	16
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	17	2
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	7	1
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	1	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	3	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	3	-
Sail Maker	3	1
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	155	29
Dye, Paint Manufacture	13	2
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	9	-
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	-	1
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	10	2
Chemist, Druggist	93	7
Manufacturing Chemist	26	15
Alkali Manufacture	1	1
Drysalter	3	1
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	164	55
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	153	52
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	11	3
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	2,485	309
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	144	15
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	6	49
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	49	18
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	17	-
Maltster	5	-
Brewer	65	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	54	11
Cellarman	124	6
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	45	2
Milkseller, Dairyman	146	10
Cheesemonger, Butterman	100	2
Butcher, Meat Salesman	370	15
Provision Curer, Dealer	75	12
Poulterer, Game Dealer	23	-
Fishmonger	203	11
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	51	6
Corn Miller	12	-
Baker	286	28
Confectioner, Pastrycook	104	48
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	186	18
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	20	17
Sugar Refiner	7	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	337	35
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	56	6
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	577	476
Woolstapler	3	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	11	-
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	1	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	3	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	12	10
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	4	5
Crepe, Gauze Manufacture	-	3
Silk Merchant, Dealer	6	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	7	1
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	3	-
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	3	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	2
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	8	26
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	4	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	27	-
Mat Maker, Seller	22	8
Net Maker	2	4
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	13	6
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	5	3
Weaver (undefined)	5	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	29	23
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	2	3
Felt Manufacture	1	1
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	13	4
Manchester Warehouseman	3	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	357	256
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	17	32
Trimming Maker, Dealer	13	40
Embroiderer	3	47
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	2,032	3,826
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	244	118
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	4	11
Tailor	443	299
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	70	2,097
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	43	879
Hosiery Manufacture	7	6
Hosier, Haberdasher	87	114
Glover, Glove Maker	1	4
Button Maker, Dealer	10	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	986	236
Patten, Clog Maker	1	1
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	94	4
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	25	30
Accoutrement Maker	8	13
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	9	13
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	775	271
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	19	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	6	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Manure Manufacture	3	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	19	1
Comb Maker	4	-
Others	-	2
Furrier, Skinner	78	96
Tanner, Fellmonger	44	1
Currier	254	8
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	87	16
Parchment, Vellum - Maker, Dealer	31	1
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	5	3
Brush, Broom, Maker	209	105
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	12	38
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	1,117	425
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	8	-
Oil and Colourman	99	9
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	54	1
Japanner	21	1
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	10	5
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	5	1
Others	4	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	75	23
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	7	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	113	8
Sawyer	86	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	20	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	99	7
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	150	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	33	8
Others	2	-
Paper Manufacture	32	35
Envelope Maker	10	105
Stationer, Law Stationer	212	78
Card, Pattern Card Maker	4	2
Paper Stainer	22	3
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	23	126
Ticket, Label Writer	19	12
Others	9	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,636	62
Coal Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	33	2
Coalheaver	86	1
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	3	-
Gas Works Service	35	-
Stone Quarrier	3	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	42	4
Slate Quarrier	2	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	8	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	2	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	2	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	17	-
Paviour	18	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	19	-
Railway Contractor	14	-
Platelayer	12	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	17	-
Others	15	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	18	8
Glass Manufacture	100	7
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	34	5
Waterworks Service	10	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	109	10
Gold, Silver, Beater	12	1
Lapidary	-	1
Others	8	2
[Iron Manufacture]	143	3
Blacksmith	194	1
Whitesmith	27	-
Nail Manufacture	4	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	120	2
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	10	-
[Coppersmith]	18	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	151	6
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	41	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	8	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	25	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	187	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	2
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	19	2
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	44	4
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	18	1
Others	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	2,617	729
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	336	135
Pawnbroker	60	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	290	79
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	52	18
Contractor (undefined)	3	-
General Labourer	1,356	14
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	165	2
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	160	47
Apprentice (undefined)	17	5
Factory Labourer (undefined)	154	26
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	24	403
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	56	7
Town Drainage Service	11	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	28	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	6	3
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	11	4
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	418	2,365
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	418	2,365
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	596	17,380
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	22	19
[Blank field, or illegible]	574	17,361

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

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Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

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