Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Holborn RegD/PLU	St Andrew Holborn Above the Bars With St George the Martyr CP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	97	19
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	29	11
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	35	5
Prison Service, &c.	1	-
Police	17	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	10	3
Other Local or County Official	5	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	20	2
Army Officer (effective/retired)	2	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	7	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	2	-
Army Pensioner	6	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	-	1
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	756	334
Clergymen (Established Church)	17	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	4	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	5	10
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	15
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	8	4
Barrister, Solicitor	40	-
Law Student	13	1
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	147	7
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	18	2
Dentist	4	-
Medical Student, Assistant	28	-
Midwife	-	1
Subordinate Medical Service	-	87
Schoolmaster	11	56
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	12	28
School Service, and others connected with teaching	5	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	15	4
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	7	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	4	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	5	-
Civil Engineer	2	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	7	-
Painter (artist)	35	12
Engraver (artist)	11	1
Sculptor	2	-
Architect	44	-
Musician, Music Master	261	54
Art Student	4	9
Photographer	9	5
Actor	12	24
Art, Music, Theatre Service	10	7
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	2	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	11	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	417	2,028
Domestic Coachman, Groom	41	-
Domestic Gardener	9	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	103	1,271
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	4	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	185	77
Office Keeper (not Government)	21	45
Cook (not domestic)	24	6
Charwoman	-	255
Washing and Bathing Service	3	310
Hospital and Institution Service	10	64
Others engaged in Service	17	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	528	37
Merchant	12	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	36	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	14	1
Accountant	27	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	7	3
Commercial Traveller	62	1
Commercial Clerk	340	27
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Bank Service	16	2
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	12	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,026	14
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	1	-
Railway Guard	5	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	1	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	35	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	21	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	178	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	196	1
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	6	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	15	-
Ship Steward, Cook	3	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	9	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	69	4
Meter, Weigher	1	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	477	7
Telegraph, Telephone Service	7	-
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	26	14
Farmer, Grazier	2	1
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	12	6
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	6	7
Gardener (not domestic)	5	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	162	4
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	5	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	123	3
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	22	-
Drover	7	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	2	1
Fisherman	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	2	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	839	341
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	33	7
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	7	4
Bookbinder	123	299
Printer	567	23
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	22	1
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	68	1
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	4	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	15	6
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	244	18
Engine, Machine Maker	40	-
Millwright	2	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	19	1
Boiler Maker	2	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	2	2
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	5	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	4	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	4	-
Saw Maker	2	-
Pin Maker	-	1
Pencil Maker (Wood)	-	1
Domestic Implement Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	41	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	24	1
Electrical Apparatus Maker	4	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	3	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	6	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	9	-
Sword, Bayonet - Maker, Cutler	2	1
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	33	1
Type Cutter, Founder	21	1
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	4	2
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	5
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	6	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	5	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,112	174
Builder	36	-
Carpenter, Joiner	209	-
Bricklayer	150	-
Mason	50	2
Slater, Tiler	2	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	31	-
Paperhanger	9	-
Plumber	57	-
Painter, Glazier	177	5
Cabinet Maker	89	39
French Polisher	73	28
Furniture Broker, Dealer	6	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	6	-
Gas Fitter	46	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	10	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	5	1
Others	1	-
Wood Carver	10	-
Carver, Gilder	77	7
Dealer in Works of Art	12	3
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	46	2
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	-
Artificial Flower Maker	9	86
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	89	5
Coachmaker	46	2
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	10	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	30	3
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	2	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	1	-
Sail Maker	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	67	35
Dye, Paint Manufacture	4	1
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	16	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	6
Chemist, Druggist	37	8
Manufacturing Chemist	9	18
Alkali Manufacture	-	2
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	56	9
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	53	8
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	3	1
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	666	130
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	68	22
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	12	20
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	34	14
Brewer	34	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	4	-
Cellarman	21	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	13	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	32	7
Cheesemonger, Butterman	23	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	67	3
Provision Curer, Dealer	17	4
Poulterer, Game Dealer	4	-
Fishmonger	36	1
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	7	5
Corn Miller	1	2
Baker	115	2
Confectioner, Pastrycook	65	26
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	40	14
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	3	4
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	67	5
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	3	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	77	89
Woolstapler	1	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	6	1
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	-	2
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	2	2
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	4	3
Silk Dyer, Printer	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	3	1
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	3
Mat Maker, Seller	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	1	1
Weaver (undefined)	1	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	2	-
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	6	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	1	-
Manchester Warehouseman	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	36	23
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	4
Trimming Maker, Dealer	5	12
Embroiderer	-	33
Others	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	524	857
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	14	2
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	2
Tailor	264	207
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	7	403
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	6	179
Hosiery Manufacture	-	2
Hosier, Haberdasher	10	14
Button Maker, Dealer	2	5
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	174	25
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	37	5
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	8	3
Accoutrement Maker	1	3
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	7
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	94	68
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	2	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	4	1
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	12	-
Furrier, Skinner	7	26
Currier	25	2
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	28	12
Parchment, Vellum - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	5	7
Brush, Broom, Maker	7	11
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	3	9
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	261	182
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Oil and Colourman	16	-
Japanner	3	4
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Others	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	16	7
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	10	-
Sawyer	14	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	25	3
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	18	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	5	-
Others	21	-
Paper Manufacture	16	9
Envelope Maker	-	25
Stationer, Law Stationer	75	34
Card, Pattern Card Maker	13	14
Paper Stainer	4	10
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	9	67
Ticket, Label Writer	6	6
Others	4	2
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	629	60
Coal Miner	2	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Coal Merchant	9	3
Coalheaver	14	1
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	3	-
Gas Works Service	10	-
Stone Quarrier	1	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	4	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	9	-
Paviour	58	-
Road Labourer	2	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	8	-
Others	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	5	3
Glass Manufacture	51	2
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	15	3
Waterworks Service	3	-
Others	59	12
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	83	5
Gold, Silver, Beater	7	-
Lapidary	2	-
Others	11	1
[Iron Manufacture]	12	-
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	43	1
Whitesmith	16	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	17	4
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	2	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
[Coppersmith]	3	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	46	9
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	2
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	14	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	71	4
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	9	6
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	7	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	13	2
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	1	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	6	1
Others	5	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,343	325
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	130	98
Pawnbroker	20	1
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	164	113
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	16	6
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	856	10
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	34	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	70	18
Apprentice (undefined)	9	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	37	10
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	5	67
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	19	3
Town Drainage Service	2	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	9	1
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	7	1
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	145	743
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	145	743
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	226	3,323
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	15	7
[Blank field, or illegible]	211	3,316

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)