Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Cornwall RegC	Redruth RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	66	17
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	14	4
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	15	9
Prison Service, &c.	1	-
Police	23	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	9	4
Other Local or County Official	4	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	25	3
Army Officer (effective/retired)	-	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	4	1
Army Pensioner	1	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	10	1
Royal Marines (officers/men)	1	-
Navy Pensioner	8	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	244	232
Clergymen (Established Church)	15	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	24	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	2	6
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	-
Barrister, Solicitor	10	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	18	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	15	-
Dentist	1	-
Medical Student, Assistant	10	-
Subordinate Medical Service	-	32
Schoolmaster	57	154
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	-	26
School Service, and others connected with teaching	2	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	1	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	-
Civil Engineer	11	-
Mining Engineer	38	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	4	-
Painter (artist)	1	-
Architect	2	-
Musician, Music Master	5	11
Art Student	1	1
Photographer	12	-
Actor	5	2
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	1	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	101	2,519
Domestic Coachman, Groom	25	-
Domestic Gardener	24	5
Domestic Indoor Servant	41	2,122
Inn, Hotel Servant	9	16
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	4
Cook (not domestic)	-	1
Charwoman	-	286
Washing and Bathing Service	-	82
Hospital and Institution Service	-	3
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	210	9
Merchant	12	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	26	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	6	-
Accountant	41	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	-
Commercial Traveller	22	-
Commercial Clerk	66	9
Banker	1	-
Bank Service	19	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	16	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	384	16
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	7	-
Railway Guard	5	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	4	3
Other Railway Officials and Servants	50	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	8	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	34	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	122	3
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	90	1
Pilot	3	-
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	17	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	4	-
Meter, Weigher	1	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	35	5
Telegraph, Telephone Service	1	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	1,229	207
Farmer, Grazier	389	38
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	116	-
Farm Bailiff	12	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	626	157
Shepherd	4	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	1	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Woodman	5	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	6	1
Gardener (not domestic)	69	11
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	64	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	31	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	1	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	15	-
Drover	1	-
Gamekeeper	12	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	2	-
Vermin Destroyer	1	-
Fisherman	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	50	4
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	12	3
Bookbinder	1	-
Printer	37	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	291	4
Engine, Machine Maker	80	2
Millwright	3	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	121	-
Boiler Maker	58	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	4	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	2	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	1	-
Domestic Implement Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	17	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	3	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	-	2
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	722	11
Builder	16	-
Carpenter, Joiner	243	2
Mason	338	2
Plasterer, Whitewasher	12	-
Paperhanger	-	2
Plumber	18	-
Painter, Glazier	52	-
Cabinet Maker	38	5
French Polisher	2	-
Gas Fitter	3	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	72	-
Coachmaker	9	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	2	-
Wheelwright	36	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	25	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	22	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	5	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	11	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	1	-
Sail Maker	5	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	44	148
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	7	7
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	10	140
Chemist, Druggist	21	-
Manufacturing Chemist	1	1
Alkali Manufacture	5	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	-	2
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	-	2
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	470	300
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	53	20
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	2	17
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	2	2
Maltster	4	-
Brewer	16	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	3	3
Cellarman	3	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	4	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	3	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	83	11
Provision Curer, Dealer	6	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	1	1
Fishmonger	16	8
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Corn Miller	3	-
Baker	13	-
Confectioner, Pastrycook	6	4
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	32	41
Sugar Refiner	3	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	212	192
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	2	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	96	264
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	1	55
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	-	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	2	10
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	7
Tape Manufacturer, Dealer	1	24
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	2	10
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	19	3
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	70	141
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	13
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	278	1,322
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	1	2
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	3
Tailor	55	288
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	887
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	80
Hosiery Manufacture	-	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	-	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	202	60
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	19	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	1	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	13	3
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	1	-
Manure Manufacture	3	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	2
Tanner, Fellmonger	1	-
Currier	5	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	2	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	91	10
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	8	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Sawyer	47	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	26	-
Paper Manufacture	3	7
Stationer, Law Stationer	3	3
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	5,463	1,284
Coal Miner	6	-
Copper Miner	391	47
Tin Miner	3,877	1,005
Lead Miner	4	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	51	73
Mine Service	67	2
Coal Merchant	30	3
Coalheaver	63	1
Gas Works Service	8	-
Stone Quarrier	5	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	6	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	-	1
Limeburner	-	1
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	7	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	12	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	3	1
Road Labourer	25	1
Platelayer	18	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	63	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	1	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	8	-
Others	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	10	-
Lapidary	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	109	-
[Steel Manufacture]	3	-
Blacksmith	320	1
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	34	2
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	3	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	3
[Coppersmith]	6	-
[Tin Manufacture]	250	116
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	40	25
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	32	2
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	4	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	-
Others	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	672	163
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	20	88
Pawnbroker	2	4
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	36	23
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	4	-
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	282	7
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	270	2
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	52	11
Factory Labourer (undefined)	2	19
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	3	9
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	1	3
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	1	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	-	3
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	148	2,691
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	148	2,691
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	91	5,910
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	11	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	80	5,908

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)