1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 18 : " Occupations of Females aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List top level England and Wales Dep
OCCUPATIONS [Males]
[1]
Total of Females 5,752,985 Show data context
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country 3,720 Show data context
(1) Officers of National Government 1,764 Show data context
      Post Office 1,685 Show data context
      Others 79 Show data context
(2) Officers of Local Government 1,956 Show data context
      Prison Officer 445 Show data context
      Union and Parish Officer 1,480 Show data context
      Others 31 Show data context
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates) 76,021 Show data context
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers 2,793 Show data context
      (a) Religious Teachers 1,437 Show data context
      (b) Pew Opener 747 Show data context
      Other Church Officers 609 Show data context
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers 18 Show data context
      Law Stationer, &c. 18 Show data context
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists 2,424 Show data context
      Druggist 361 Show data context
      Midwife 1,913 Show data context
      Other Dealers in Drugs 150 Show data context
(4) Authors and Literary Persons 180 Show data context
      In Literature 180 Show data context
(5) Artists 897 Show data context
      Artist, Painter 713 Show data context
      Engaged in Fine Arts 3 Show data context
      Others 181 Show data context
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music 3,899 Show data context
      (6} Musician 1,298 Show data context
      Music-mistress 2,594 Show data context
      Others 7 Show data context
(7) Actors, Actresses 870 Show data context
      Actress 702 Show data context
      In Theatres, Exhibitions 168 Show data context
(8) Teachers 64,900 Show data context
      Schoolmistress 35,412 Show data context
      Teacher of Languages 870 Show data context
      General Teacher 6,791 Show data context
      Governess 21,567 Show data context
      Other Teachers 260 Show data context
(9) Scientific Persons 40 Show data context
      Scientific Person 40 Show data context
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned) 3,147,430 Show data context
(1) Wives 2,629,809 Show data context
      Wives (not oth. des.) 2,629,809 Show data context
(2) Widows 269,073 Show data context
      Widows (not oth. des.) 269,073 Show data context
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described) 246,854 Show data context
      Children and Relatives 246,854 Show data context
(4) Scholars (so described) 1,694 Show data context
      Scholars (so described) 1,694 Show data context
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man 773,018 Show data context
(1) In Board and Lodging 84,826 Show data context
      Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper 6,732 Show data context
      Innkeeper’s "Wife" 16,105 Show data context
      Publican 6,280 Show data context
      Beerseller 3,903 Show data context
      Publican’s "Wife" 29,690 Show data context
      Lodging-house Keeper 17,165 Show data context
      Lodg.-ho. Kpr.'s "Wife" 2,027 Show data context
      Coffee-house Keeper 1,316 Show data context
      Officer of Institution 937 Show data context
      Others 671 Show data context
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.) 688,192 Show data context
      Domst. Serv. (General) 345,336 Show data context
      Housekeeper 64,940 Show data context
      Cook 73,354 Show data context
      Housemaid 66,625 Show data context
      Nurse 32,274 Show data context
      Laundrymaid 3,390 Show data context
      Inn Servant 9,594 Show data context
      Hospital Nurse, &c. 2,698 Show data context
      Nurse (not Domst. Servt.) 24,715 Show data context
      Charwoman 63,900 Show data context
      Others 1,366 Show data context
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds 27,547 Show data context
(1) Mercantile Men [Women] 3,345 Show data context
      In Mercantile Pursuits 3,345 Show data context
(2) Other General Dealers 24,202 Show data context
      Pawnbroker 647 Show data context
      Gen. Dlr., Costermonger 3,065 Show data context
      Shopkeeper 9,727 Show data context
      Shopkeeper’s "Wife" 2,031 Show data context
      Hawker and Pedlar 7,255 Show data context
      Other General Dealers 1,477 Show data context
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages 6,219 Show data context
(1) Carriers on Railways 145 Show data context
      Railway Attendants 145 Show data context
(2) Carriers on Roads 2,360 Show data context
      Toll Collector 1,576 Show data context
      Coach, Omn. Cab, Ownr. 148 Show data context
      Carrier, Carter 563 Show data context
      Others 73 Show data context
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers 218 Show data context
      On Canals and Rivers 21 Show data context
      Boat, Barge,--Woman 161 Show data context
      Others 36 Show data context
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers 432 Show data context
      In Sea Navigation 1 Show data context
      Shipowner 241 Show data context
      Others 190 Show data context
(5) Engaged in Storage 2,582 Show data context
      Warehouse Woman 2,550 Show data context
      Others in Storage 32 Show data context
(6) Messengers and Porters 482 Show data context
      Mess., Port., Errand Girl 332 Show data context
      Others 150 Show data context
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products 318,257 Show data context
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists) 316,588 Show data context
      Land Proprietor 15,550 Show data context
      Farmer, Grazier 22,751 Show data context
      Farmer’s "Wife" 163,498 Show data context
      Farmer’s "Dau.," "Grd.-dau.," "Str.," "Niece" 55,137 Show data context
      Agricultural Labourer. 33,762 Show data context
      Farm Servant (in-door) 25,843 Show data context
      Others in Agriculture 47 Show data context
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists) 7 Show data context
      Others in Arboriculture 7 Show data context
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists) 1,662 Show data context
      Gardener 1,606 Show data context
      Others in Horticulture 56 Show data context
9. Persons engaged about Animals 281 Show data context
(1) Persons engaged about Animals 281 Show data context
      Fisherwoman 131 Show data context
      Others 150 Show data context
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination 49,178 Show data context
(1) In Books 4,811 Show data context
      Bookseller, Publisher 855 Show data context
      Bookbinder 3,164 Show data context
      Printer 259 Show data context
      Others in Publications 533 Show data context
(2) In Musical Instrument 156 Show data context
      In Musical Instruments 156 Show data context
(3) In Prints and Pictures 294 Show data context
      In Maps, Pictures 294 Show data context
(4) In Carving and Figures 2,573 Show data context
      In Carving and Figures 3 Show data context
      Artificial Flower-maker 2,479 Show data context
      Others 91 Show data context
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games 1,379 Show data context
      Toy Maker, Dealer 1,122 Show data context
      Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak. 257 Show data context
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies 37 Show data context
      Pattern Designer 3 Show data context
      Eng. about Medals, &c. 34 Show data context
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments 533 Show data context
      Watchmkr., Clockmkr. 406 Show data context
      Mkr., Dlr., in Phil. Insts. 2 Show data context
      Others 125 Show data context
(8) In Surgical Instruments 173 Show data context
      Surgical Instrumt. Mak. 173 Show data context
(9) In Arms 423 Show data context
      In manuf. of Arms 423 Show data context
(10) In Machines 3,947 Show data context
      Needle Manufacture 1,192 Show data context
      Scissors-maker 202 Show data context
      Steel Pen Maker 715 Show data context
      File-maker 422 Show data context
      Cutler 167 Show data context
      Others 1,249 Show data context
(11) In Carriages 211 Show data context
      Carriage-maker 209 Show data context
      Coachmaker 2 Show data context
(12) In Harness 861 Show data context
      Saddler, Harness-maker 769 Show data context
      Whip-maker 92 Show data context
(13) In Ships 64 Show data context
      Ship, Boat,--Builder 64 Show data context
(14) In Houses and Buildings 25,430 Show data context
      House Proprietor 24,550 Show data context
      Painter, Plumber, Glazr. 415 Show data context
      Others 465 Show data context
(15) In Furniture 6,990 Show data context
      Cabinet-maker, Uphol. 5,232 Show data context
      Chair-maker 702 Show data context
      Furniture Broker 699 Show data context
      Others 357 Show data context
(16) In Implements 91 Show data context
      Implement Maker 91 Show data context
(17) In Chemicals 1,205 Show data context
      Dyer, Calenderer 710 Show data context
      Others 495 Show data context
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress 990,243 Show data context
(1) In Wool and Worsted 62,460 Show data context
      Knitter 1,606 Show data context
      Woollen Cloth manuf. 30,369 Show data context
      Clothier 95 Show data context
      Worsted manufacture 26,045 Show data context
      Stuff manufacture 1,158 Show data context
      Berlin Wool,--Dlr., Wkr. 788 Show data context
      Flannel manufacture 288 Show data context
      Carpet, Rug,--manuf. 845 Show data context
      Others 1,266 Show data context
(2) In Silk 49,347 Show data context
      Silk manufacture 44,418 Show data context
      Ribbon manufacture 4,117 Show data context
      Fancy Goods (Silk) 196 Show data context
      Others 616 Show data context
(3) In Cotton and Flax 189,440 Show data context
      Flax, Linen,--manuf. 6,606 Show data context
      Thread manufacture 342 Show data context
      Tape manuf., Dealer 519 Show data context
      Lace manufacture 30,837 Show data context
      Cotton manufacture 147,894 Show data context
      Fustian manufacture 1,494 Show data context
      Muslin manufacture 38 Show data context
      Muslin Embroiderer 16 Show data context
      Calico, Cotton,--Printer 848 Show data context
      Calico, Cotton,--Dyer 43 Show data context
      Others 803 Show data context
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.) 17,736 Show data context
      Weaver (undefined) 2,620 Show data context
      Draper, Mercer 8,849 Show data context
      Trimming-maker 938 Show data context
      Embroiderer 1,524 Show data context
      Others 3,805 Show data context
(5) In Dress 667,099 Show data context
      Hatter, Hat manuf. 2,262 Show data context
      Straw Plait manuf. 17,468 Show data context
      Straw Hat, Bonnet, Mak. 11,847 Show data context
      Bonnet-maker 4,394 Show data context
      Cap-maker 3,297 Show data context
      Shawl manufacture 151 Show data context
      Furrier 1,228 Show data context
      Tailor 21,599 Show data context
      Clothes Dealer, Outfitter 1,788 Show data context
      Button-maker 2,179 Show data context
      Milliner, Dressmaker 223,419 Show data context
      Shirtmaker, Seamstress 65,224 Show data context
      Stay-maker 9,057 Show data context
      Fancy Worker 1,186 Show data context
      Hose, Stocking,--manuf. 15,552 Show data context
      Hosier, Haberdasher 1,777 Show data context
      Glover, Leather, &c. 15,649 Show data context
      Glove Knitter 260 Show data context
      Shoemaker, Bootmaker 29,047 Show data context
      Shoemaker's "Wife" 79,068 Show data context
      Umbrella, Stick,--Mak. 1,733 Show data context
      Laundress 155,669 Show data context
      Others 3,245 Show data context
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials 4,161 Show data context
      Mat Maker, Seller 264 Show data context
      Hemp manufacture 137 Show data context
      Rope, Cord,--Maker 1,225 Show data context
      Net-maker 944 Show data context
      Canvas Maker, Dealer 184 Show data context
      Sailcloth manufacture 198 Show data context
      Other Workers in Hemp 1,209 Show data context
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks 77,119 Show data context
(1) In Animal Food 37,085 Show data context
      Cowkeeper, Milkseller 3,513 Show data context
      Cheesemonger 294 Show data context
      Butcher 2,258 Show data context
      Butcher’s "Wife" 25,144 Show data context
      Provision Curer, Dealer 3,355 Show data context
      Poulterer, Game Dealer 553 Show data context
      Fishmonger 1,850 Show data context
      Others 118 Show data context
(2) In Vegetable Food 18,816 Show data context
      Miller 393 Show data context
      Flour Dealer, Agent 377 Show data context
      Baker 5,582 Show data context
      Confectioner 5,343 Show data context
      Greengrocer, Fruiterer 5,045 Show data context
      Fruit, Flower,--Vendor 1,461 Show data context
      Others 615 Show data context
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants 21,218 Show data context
      Brewer, &c. 298 Show data context
      Wine Merchant 344 Show data context
      Grocer, Tea Dealer 18,327 Show data context
      Tobo ,Cig.,Snuff, manuf. 376 Show data context
      Tobacconist 1,176 Show data context
      Others 697 Show data context
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances 4,332 Show data context
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone 632 Show data context
      Tallow-chandler 157 Show data context
      Comb-maker 121 Show data context
      Others 354 Show data context
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills 917 Show data context
      Currier 228 Show data context
      Others 689 Show data context
(3) In Hair 2,783 Show data context
      Hair, Bristle,--manuf. 973 Show data context
      Brush, Broom,--Maker 1,770 Show data context
      Others 40 Show data context
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances 12,312 Show data context
(1) In Gums and Resins 1,891 Show data context
      French-polisher 817 Show data context
      Japanner 685 Show data context
      In Gums and Resins 344 Show data context
      Others 45 Show data context
(2) In Wood 1,845 Show data context
      Wood Dealer 249 Show data context
      Box-maker 1,057 Show data context
      Others 539 Show data context
(3) In Bark 90 Show data context
      Workers, Dlrs., in Bark 90 Show data context
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw 951 Show data context
      Basket-maker 601 Show data context
      Others 350 Show data context
(5) In Paper 7,535 Show data context
      Rag Gatherer, Dealer 903 Show data context
      Paper manufacture 3,581 Show data context
      Stationer (not Law) 1,431 Show data context
      Envelope-maker 463 Show data context
      Paper-box Maker 506 Show data context
      Paper-stainer 221 Show data context
      Other Workers in Paper 430 Show data context
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals 31,226 Show data context
(1) In Mining 87 Show data context
      In Minerals 87 Show data context
(2) In Coal 2,786 Show data context
      Coal Merchant, Dealer 692 Show data context
      Coal Labourer 1,935 Show data context
      Others 159 Show data context
(3) In Stone, Clay 1,235 Show data context
      Brick Maker, Dealer 750 Show data context
      Others 485 Show data context
(4) In Earthenware 8,256 Show data context
      Earthenware manuf. 6,382 Show data context
      Tobacco-pipe Maker 640 Show data context
      Earthenw., Glass, Dealer 1,208 Show data context
      Others 26 Show data context
(5) In Glass 835 Show data context
      Glass manufacture 747 Show data context
      Others 88 Show data context
(6) In Salt 85 Show data context
      Salt Makers and Dealers 85 Show data context
(7) In Water 26 Show data context
      Water Provider 26 Show data context
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones 1,602 Show data context
      In Gold, Silver, &c. 1 Show data context
      Goldsmith, Jeweller 992 Show data context
      Others 609 Show data context
(9) In Copper 1,530 Show data context
      Workers, Dlrs., in Copper 1,530 Show data context
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver 1,808 Show data context
      Tin manufacture 1,559 Show data context
      Others 249 Show data context
(11) In Zinc 3 Show data context
      In Zinc 3 Show data context
(12) In Lead and Antimony 475 Show data context
      In Lead 475 Show data context
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals 2,322 Show data context
      Pin manufacture 216 Show data context
      Lacquerer 270 Show data context
      Others 1,233 Show data context
      In Brass 603 Show data context
(14) In Iron and Steel 10,176 Show data context
      Iron manufacture 1,089 Show data context
      Blacksmith 383 Show data context
      Nail manufacture 6,694 Show data context
      Anchor, Chain, Smith 343 Show data context
      Ironmonger 396 Show data context
      Screw Cutter, Maker 871 Show data context
      In Iron and Steel 219 Show data context
      Others 181 Show data context
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined 8,283 Show data context
(1) General Labourers 2,658 Show data context
      Labourer 2,658 Show data context
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations 5,625 Show data context
      Shopwoman, Assistant 3,027 Show data context
      Others of indef. occupn. 2,598 Show data context
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation 86,641 Show data context
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation 86,641 Show data context
      Gentlewoman 27,034 Show data context
      Annuitant 59,607 Show data context
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation 54,016 Show data context
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates 51,937 Show data context
      Dependent on relatives 2,943 Show data context
      Almsperson, no. stat. occ. 9,646 Show data context
      Pauper, no stated occ. 32,087 Show data context
      Lunatic, no stated occ. 5,966 Show data context
      Others 1,295 Show data context
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class 1,528 Show data context
      Prisoner, no stated occ. 1,112 Show data context
      Others of Criminal Class 416 Show data context
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies 551 Show data context
      Vagrant, Beggar 344 Show data context
      Gipsy 207 Show data context
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation 87,142 Show data context
      Visitor, no stated occ. 28,396 Show data context
      Others of no stated occupation or condition. 58,746 Show data context

Comments:

1 Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.


Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.