Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List Middlesex RegC	Strand RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	12,442
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	293
(1) Officers of National Government	104
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	28
Post Office	32
Inland Revenue	5
Customs	12
Government Messengers, Workmen	27
Dockyard Artificers	0
Other Govt.	0
(2) Officers of Local Government	188
Magistrate	4
Police	153
Prison Officer	4
Union and Parish Officer	11
Officer of Local Board	2
Other Local Officers	14
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	1
E. India and Col. Service	1
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	98
(1) Army	81
Army Officer	18
Army Half-pay Officer	16
Soldier	22
Chelsea Pensioner	21
Militia	3
Others	1
(2) Navy	17
Navy Officer	12
Navy Half-pay Officer	1
Seaman, R.N.	2
Royal Marine	0
Greenwich Pensioner	0
Others	2
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	1,098
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	41
Clergyman	25
Protestant Minister	2
Roman Catholic Priest	2
Other Relig. Teachers	2
Parish Clerk	4
Other Church Officers	6
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	387
Barrister	65
Solicitor	67
Law Student	19
Other Lawyers	0
Officers of Law Court	6
Law Clerk	141
Law Stationer	89
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	174
Physician	17
Surgeon, Apothecary	61
Medical Student, Assist.	38
Dentist	8
Druggist	41
Others	9
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	64
Author, Editor, Writer	42
Ors. eng. in Literature	22
(5) Artists	140
Artist, Painter	54
Sculptor	1
Engraver	70
Photographic Artist	15
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	0
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	121
Musician	112
Music-master	8
Others	1
(7) Actors, Actresses	66
Actor	23
In Theatres, Exhibitions	43
(8) Teachers	71
Schoolmaster	19
Teacher of Languages	28
Profes. of Mathematics	2
Teacher (General)	11
Teacher of Dancing	7
Other Teachers	4
(9) Scientific Persons	34
Civil Engineer	26
Other Scientific Persons	8
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	25
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	17
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	17
(4) Scholars (so described)	8
Scholar (so described)	8
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	876
(1) In Board and Lodging	367
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	41
Publican	175
Beerseller	4
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	21
Coffee-house Keeper	85
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	33
Others--Boarding, &c.	8
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	509
Domst. Serv. (General)	106
Coachman	3
Groom	2
Gardener	0
Inn Servant	384
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	0
Others	14
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	666
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	492
Merchant	74
Banker	6
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	10
Stock Broker, &c.	4
Ship Broker, Agent	2
Broker	8
Agent, Factor	53
Coal, Colliery Agent	0
Iron Merchant, Agent	0
Salesman	24
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	16
Accountant	24
Commercial Clerk	201
Commercial Traveller	65
Other Mercantile Men	5
(2) Other General Dealers	174
Pawnbroker	16
Marine-store Dealer	9
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	100
Shopkeeper	6
Hawker, Pedlar	32
Other General Dealers	11
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	1,036
(1) Carriers on Railways	18
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	5
Railway Official	8
Railway Servant	4
Railway Police	1
Ors. eng. in	0
(2) Carriers on Roads	208
Toll Collector	3
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	3
Livery Staple Keeper	6
Coachman (not domstc.)	29
Cabman, Flyman	49
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	115
Others	3
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	27
Canal and River Service	2
Bargeman, Waterman	25
Others	0
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	74
Shipowner	3
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	47
Pilot	2
Boatman on Seas	0
Dock Servant, Labourer	16
Wharfinger	1
Others	5
(5) Engaged in Storage	64
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	57
Others in Storage	7
(6) Messengers and Porters	645
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	632
Telegraph Service	2
Others in Messages	11
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	64
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	43
Land Proprietor	21
Farmer, Grazier	8
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	1
Farm Bailiff	1
Agricultural Labourer	5
Shepherd (out-door)	1
Farm Servant (in-door)	0
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	6
Others in Agriculture	0
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	0
Woodman	0
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	21
Gardener	12
Nurseryman	9
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	84
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	84
Horse Dealer	4
Horsebreaker	0
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	52
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	14
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	2
Drover	6
Pig Merchant, Dealer	0
Gamekeeper	0
Vermin Destroyer	0
Fisherman	0
Others about Animals	6
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	2,899
(1) In Books	760
Bookseller, Publisher	129
Bookbinder	94
Printer	479
Newspaper Agent	56
Others in Publications	2
(2) In Musical Instrument	99
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	68
Others	31
(3) In Prints and Pictures	104
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	27
Others	77
(4) In Carving and Figures	31
Wood-carver	11
Others	20
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	17
Toy Maker, Dealer	8
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	9
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	16
Pattern Designer	4
Others	12
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	118
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	87
Optician	16
Weight or Measure Mkr.	10
Others	5
(8) In Surgical Instruments	26
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	22
Others	4
(9) In Arms	39
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	34
Others	5
(10) In Machines	110
Eng. and Mach. Maker	68
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	2
Scissors-maker	0
Tool Maker, Dealer	4
File-maker	2
Saw Smith, Maker	4
Cutler	22
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	0
Razor-maker	0
Others in Tools, Mchns.	8
(11) In Carriages	101
Coachmaker	100
Others	1
(12) In Harness	76
Saddler, Harness-maker	72
Whip-maker	4
(13) In Ships	2
Shipbldr., Shipwright	0
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	0
Boat, Barge,--Builder	2
Sailmaker	0
Others	0
(14) In Houses and Buildings	956
House Proprietor	17
House Agent	3
Architect	18
Surveyor	7
Builder	47
Carpenter, Joiner	244
Bricklayer	200
Marble Mason	4
Mason, Pavior	38
Slater, Tiler	2
Plasterer	38
Paperhanger	13
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	314
Others	11
(15) In Furniture	399
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	173
Undertaker	13
Chair-maker	22
Picture-frame Maker	37
Carver, Gilder	87
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	8
Furniture Broker	24
Others	35
(16) In Implements	18
Wheelwright	18
Millwright	0
Other Implement Mkrs.	0
(17) In Chemicals	27
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	7
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	3
Dyer, Calenderer	13
Others	4
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	2,082
(1) In Wool and Worsted	12
Woolstapler	0
Felt manufacture	0
Woollen Cloth manuf.	4
Clothier	0
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	0
Worsted manufacture	0
Stuff manufacture	0
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	8
Others	0
(2) In Silk	13
Silk manufacture	3
Silk Dyer, Printer	2
Silk Mercer	2
Ribbon manufacture	0
Others	6
(3) In Cotton and Flax	11
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	0
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	4
Cotton manufacture	1
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	3
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	3
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	204
Packer and Presser	4
Weaver (undefined)	1
Manchester Warehmn.	1
Draper, Mercer	179
Others	19
(5) In Dress	1,835
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	70
Hatter, Hat manuf.	32
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	10
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	5
Tailor	849
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	15
Button-maker	9
Hose manufacture	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	35
Glover, Leather, &c.	4
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	721
Patten, Clog,--Maker	0
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	11
Others providing Dress	73
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	7
Mat Maker, Seller	5
Rope, Cord,--Maker	1
Canvas Maker, Dealer	0
Sailcloth manufacture	0
Others	1
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	1,078
(1) In Animal Food	335
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	36
Cheesemonger	37
Butcher, Meat Salesman	173
Provision Curer, Dealer	25
Poulterer, Game Dealer	11
Fishmonger	48
Others	5
(2) In Vegetable Food	417
Corn Merchant, Dealer	10
Miller	3
Flour Dealer, Agent	2
Baker	183
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	49
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	94
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	49
Potato Merchant	17
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	8
Sugar Refiner	2
Others	0
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	326
Maltster	1
Brewer, &c.	32
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	35
Distiller, Rectifier	0
Cellarman	9
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	6
Grocer, Tea Dealer	147
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	10
Tobacconist	51
Others	35
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	207
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	32
Soap-boiler	4
Tallow-chandler	13
Comb-maker	3
Others	12
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	145
Fellmonger	0
Skinner	4
Tanner	4
Currier	64
Others	73
(3) In Hair	30
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	3
Brush, Broom,--Maker	25
Others	2
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	296
(1) In Gums and Resins	88
Oil Miller, Refiner	0
Oil and Colourman	30
French-polisher	39
Japanner	9
Others	10
(2) In Wood	86
Timber Merch., Dealer	4
Wood Dealer	1
Sawyer	7
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	0
Lath-maker	2
Turner	21
Box-maker	8
Cooper	14
Hoop Maker, Bender	0
Others	29
(3) In Bark	10
Cork Cutter, manuf.	10
Others Workers in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	32
Basket-maker	30
Hay and Straw Dealer	0
Thatcher	0
Others	2
(5) In Paper	80
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	4
Paper manufacture	4
Stationer (not Law)	35
Paper-stainer	7
Others Workers in Paper	30
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	867
(1) In Mining	7
Coal-miner	1
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	0
Iron-miner	0
Others	6
(2) In Coal	110
Coal Merchant, Dealer	29
Coalheaver, Labourer	50
Coke Burner, Dealer	0
Chimney Sweeper	20
Gas Works Service	8
Other Workers in Coal	3
(3) In Stone, Clay	27
Stone Quarrier	0
Stone Cutter, Polisher	2
Slate Quarrier	0
Limestone Quar., Burner	0
Clay Labourer	0
Brick Maker, Dealer	6
Railway Labourer	0
Platelayer	0
Excavator, Navvy	1
Road Contractor, &c.	0
Road Labourer	3
Scavenger	7
Dust Collector	2
Others	6
(4) In Earthenware	7
Earthenware manuf.	3
Tobacco-pipe Makers	1
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	1
Others	2
(5) In Glass	31
Glass manufacture	25
Other Workers in Glass	6
(6) In Salt	0
Salt manufacture	0
Other Dealers in Salt	0
(7) In Water	6
Waterworks Service	5
Others	1
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	227
Goldsmith, Jeweller	165
Plater, Plated Wareman	12
Others	50
(9) In Copper	12
Copper manufacture	1
Coppersmith	11
Others	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	49
Tin manufacture	1
Tinman, Tinker	12
Tinplate Worker	35
Others	1
(11) In Zinc	2
Zinc manufacture	2
Others	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	8
Lead manufacture	2
Typefounder	4
Others	2
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	206
Brass Founder, manuf.	69
Brazier	12
Locksmith, Bellhanger	20
Gasfitter	47
Wire Maker, Drawer	1
Wire Worker, Weaver	18
Others	39
(14) In Iron and Steel	175
Iron manufacture	20
Whitesmith	31
Blacksmith	77
Nail manufacture	0
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	0
Boiler-maker	0
Ironmonger	33
Hardwareman, Dealer	1
Steel manufacture	2
Grinder (branch undef.)	0
Others	11
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	421
(1) General Labourers	352
Labourer	352
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	69
Mechanic	7
Shopman	40
Apprentice	0
Others of indef. occu.	22
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	114
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	114
Gentleman	78
Annuitant	36
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	19
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	19
Dependent on Relatives	4
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	0
Pauper, no stated occ.	1
Lunatic, no stated occ.	0
Others	14
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	0
Prisoner, no stated occ.	0
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	0
Vagrant, Beggar	0
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	219
Visitor, no stated occ.	18
Others of no stated occupation or condition	201

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.