Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Holborn RegD/PLU	St James Clerkenwell SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	122	6
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	8	2
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	33	1
Prison Service, &c.	31	3
Police	46	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	2	-
Other Local or County Official	2	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	10	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	4	1
Army Pensioner	5	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	89	62
Clergymen (Established Church)	2	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	2	9
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	1	2
Barrister, Solicitor	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	14	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	3	-
Dentist	2	-
Medical Student, Assistant	4	-
Subordinate Medical Service	1	21
Schoolmaster	7	15
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	2	2
School Service, and others connected with teaching	3	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	6	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	-
Civil Engineer	1	-
Painter (artist)	4	-
Engraver (artist)	14	-
Musician, Music Master	18	6
Photographer	2	2
Actor	-	2
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	-	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	-	2
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	140	559
Domestic Coachman, Groom	2	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	39	302
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	85	27
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	1
Cook (not domestic)	1	3
Charwoman	-	91
Washing and Bathing Service	5	132
Hospital and Institution Service	-	1
Others engaged in Service	4	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	161	13
Broker, Agent, Factor	12	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	1	-
Accountant	2	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	7	7
Commercial Traveller	27	-
Commercial Clerk	111	6
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	1	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	636	6
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	2	-
Railway Guard	3	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	1	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	34	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	1	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	50	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	202	-
Tramway Companies' Service	2	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	11	-
Ship Steward, Cook	3	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	15	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	61	2
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	248	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	1	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	14	4
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	7	3
Woodman	2	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	1	1
Gardener (not domestic)	4	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	58	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	41	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	10	-
Drover	3	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
Fisherman	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	583	250
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	18	7
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	-
Bookbinder	149	227
Printer	356	10
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	15	2
Others	4	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	33	2
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	5	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	2	2
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	342	19
Engine, Machine Maker	20	1
Millwright	4	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	39	-
Boiler Maker	3	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	11	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	7	1
File Maker	5	-
Saw Maker	3	1
Domestic Implement Maker	2	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	119	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	28	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	8	2
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	8	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	10	4
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	16	3
Type Cutter, Founder	33	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	10	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	9	3
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	3	3
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	658	146
Builder	24	-
Carpenter, Joiner	110	1
Bricklayer	87	-
Mason	14	-
Slater, Tiler	1	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	9	-
Paperhanger	8	-
Plumber	29	-
Painter, Glazier	102	-
Cabinet Maker	94	8
French Polisher	43	25
Furniture Broker, Dealer	4	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	8	1
Gas Fitter	31	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	7	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	4	-
Others	1	-
Wood Carver	6	-
Carver, Gilder	47	2
Dealer in Works of Art	1	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	14	1
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	-
Artificial Flower Maker	13	107
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	44	8
Coachmaker	16	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	13	1
Others	1	1
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	13	6
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	23	5
Dye, Paint Manufacture	1	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	3	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	-	2
Chemist, Druggist	12	1
Manufacturing Chemist	7	2
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	34	13
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	29	13
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	5	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	425	42
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	40	2
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	1	3
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	23	3
Brewer	25	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	10	-
Cellarman	7	2
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	13	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	21	3
Cheesemonger, Butterman	9	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	90	-
Provision Curer, Dealer	22	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	1	-
Fishmonger	16	3
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	3	3
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	59	9
Confectioner, Pastrycook	18	5
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	34	2
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	25	5
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	6	1
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	52	64
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	6	2
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	1	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	1	-
Others	1	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	13	4
Crepe, Gauze Manufacture	-	1
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	4
Mat Maker, Seller	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	2	2
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	1	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	5	-
Felt Manufacture	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	1	1
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	12	12
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	6
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	23
Embroiderer	-	6
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	242	501
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	16	8
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	4
Tailor	62	56
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	7	252
Shawl Manufacture	-	1
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	3	77
Hosier, Haberdasher	7	61
Glover, Glove Maker	2	3
Button Maker, Dealer	6	3
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	97	13
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	20	4
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	19	15
Accoutrement Maker	2	2
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	2
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	111	101
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	2	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	3	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	11	1
Others	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	30	43
Tanner, Fellmonger	1	-
Currier	12	3
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	29	23
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	3	1
Brush, Broom, Maker	14	13
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	4	17
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	211	189
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	17	-
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Japanner	4	7
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Others	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	6	5
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	10	-
Sawyer	9	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	32	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	10	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	9	-
Paper Manufacture	10	9
Envelope Maker	1	28
Stationer, Law Stationer	40	11
Card, Pattern Card Maker	5	4
Paper Stainer	10	6
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	33	113
Ticket, Label Writer	5	5
Others	4	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	632	91
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Coal Merchant	3	1
Coalheaver	9	-
Gas Works Service	5	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	4	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	2	1
Paviour	20	-
Road Labourer	1	-
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	1	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	7	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	10	5
Glass Manufacture	55	2
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	3	-
Waterworks Service	2	-
Others	5	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	151	14
Gold, Silver, Beater	9	1
Lapidary	15	1
Others	14	29
[Iron Manufacture]	36	2
[Steel Manufacture]	5	-
Blacksmith	36	-
Whitesmith	2	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	-	1
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	13	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	10	-
[Coppersmith]	6	-
[Tin Manufacture]	1	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	42	11
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	10	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	10	2
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	89	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	13	17
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	26	1
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	7	3
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	3	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	1	-
Fancy Chain, Gilt Toy Maker	3	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	485	179
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	59	32
Pawnbroker	4	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	46	11
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	9	4
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	181	2
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	36	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	95	15
Apprentice (undefined)	10	5
Factory Labourer (undefined)	32	9
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	12	101
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	15	1
Town Drainage Service	2	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	5	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	7	1
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	32	84
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	32	84
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	111	2,647
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	11	3
[Blank field, or illegible]	100	2,644

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)