Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Essex RegC	Billericay RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	63	12
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	12	6
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	15	2
Prison Service, &c.	1	-
Police	21	2
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	7	2
Other Local or County Official	5	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	2	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	517	2
Army Officer (effective/retired)	16	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	483	2
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	5	-
Army Pensioner	9	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	2	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	133	196
Clergymen (Established Church)	22	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	3	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	3	1
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	4
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	1
Barrister, Solicitor	10	-
Law Student	1	1
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	17	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	7	-
Medical Student, Assistant	4	-
Midwife	-	1
Subordinate Medical Service	-	41
Schoolmaster	31	88
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	4	43
School Service, and others connected with teaching	-	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	3	1
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	2	-
Civil Engineer	1	1
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	2	-
Painter (artist)	4	4
Architect	1	-
Musician, Music Master	7	7
Art Student	1	-
Photographer	3	-
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	2	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	1	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	235	1,213
Domestic Coachman, Groom	79	1
Domestic Gardener	63	3
Domestic Indoor Servant	48	1,000
Inn, Hotel Servant	13	12
College, Club Service	-	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	-	1
Cook (not domestic)	1	-
Charwoman	-	31
Washing and Bathing Service	1	115
Hospital and Institution Service	30	49
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	106	3
Merchant	3	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	10	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	3	-
Accountant	3	1
Commercial Traveller	16	-
Commercial Clerk	55	2
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Bank Service	7	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	8	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	191	9
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	10	-
Railway Guard	8	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	45	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	2	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	24	2
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	47	3
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	5	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	15	1
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	8	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	6	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	20	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	1	-
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	1,557	26
Farmer, Grazier	110	5
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	50	-
Farm Bailiff	38	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	1,260	15
Shepherd	12	1
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	7	-
Agricultural Student	3	-
Woodman	5	1
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	3	1
Gardener (not domestic)	69	3
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	106	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	3	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	72	2
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	9	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	8	-
Drover	3	-
Gamekeeper	7	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
Vermin Destroyer	3	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	14	2
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	5	1
Bookbinder	1	-
Printer	8	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	-	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	45	4
Engine, Machine Maker	8	1
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	17	-
Boiler Maker	-	2
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	1	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	4	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	7	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	2	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	3	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	443	10
Builder	24	-
Carpenter, Joiner	146	4
Bricklayer	161	3
Mason	10	2
Plasterer, Whitewasher	13	-
Plumber	19	-
Painter, Glazier	53	-
Cabinet Maker	8	1
French Polisher	1	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	1	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	1	-
Gas Fitter	5	-
Wood Carver	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	79	1
Coachmaker	22	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	35	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	19	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	1	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	11	1
Chemist, Druggist	9	1
Manufacturing Chemist	2	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	4	1
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	4	1
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	324	46
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	47	10
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	1	5
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	2	1
Maltster	21	1
Brewer	16	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	22	2
Cellarman	1	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	3	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	8	2
Butcher, Meat Salesman	43	3
Poulterer, Game Dealer	2	-
Fishmonger	11	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	8	2
Corn Miller	10	-
Baker	65	3
Confectioner, Pastrycook	4	3
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	5	3
Sugar Refiner	-	1
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	54	8
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	32	35
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	-	5
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	-	1
Mat Maker, Seller	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	29	26
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	1
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	126	213
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	1	-
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	4
Tailor	33	5
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	166
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	30
Hosiery Manufacture	-	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	1	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	82	5
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	7	1
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	7	3
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	1	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	2	2
Currier	3	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	49	6
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	1	1
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	3	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	6	-
Thatcher	4	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Sawyer	16	2
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	4	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	2	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	4	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	3	3
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	270	9
Coal Merchant	6	1
Coalheaver	9	1
Gas Works Service	9	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	1	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	2	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	64	1
Road Labourer	1	-
Platelayer	34	1
Railway Labourer, Navvy	29	1
Glass Manufacture	1	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	3	-
Waterworks Service	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	21	-
Blacksmith	63	3
Whitesmith	5	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	16	1
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	332	99
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	22	18
Pawnbroker	2	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	23	9
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	4	-
General Labourer	247	53
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	15	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	15	13
Apprentice (undefined)	-	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	1	3
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	3	2
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	7	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	7	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	181	1,055
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	181	1,055
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	66	1,970
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	2	1
[Blank field, or illegible]	64	1,969

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)