Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Hampshire RegC	Portsmouth RegD/PLPar/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	903	34
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	275	13
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	72	1
Prison Service, &c.	205	4
Police	283	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	52	12
Other Local or County Official	11	1
East Indian and Colonial Service	5	2
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	8,833	51
Army Officer (effective/retired)	529	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	3,309	5
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	40	-
Army Pensioner	163	4
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	785	7
Seaman, R.N.	2,310	7
Royal Marines (officers/men)	447	-
Navy Pensioner	1,250	27
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	909	982
Clergymen (Established Church)	39	-
Roman Catholic Priest	5	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	25	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	18	13
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	1
Theological Student	7	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	6	2
Barrister, Solicitor	47	-
Law Student	4	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	70	2
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	68	-
Dentist	14	-
Medical Student, Assistant	34	-
Midwife	-	13
Subordinate Medical Service	11	169
Schoolmaster	187	527
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	22	82
School Service, and others connected with teaching	12	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	26	1
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	4	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	4	-
Civil Engineer	28	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	8	-
Painter (artist)	22	5
Engraver (artist)	1	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	22	1
Musician, Music Master	140	123
Art Student	5	5
Photographer	35	12
Actor	11	16
Art, Music, Theatre Service	6	1
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	10	3
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	15	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	689	7,428
Domestic Coachman, Groom	124	-
Domestic Gardener	55	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	270	5,609
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	1	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	158	139
College, Club Service	9	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	8	4
Cook (not domestic)	25	12
Charwoman	1	541
Washing and Bathing Service	11	1,049
Hospital and Institution Service	19	47
Others engaged in Service	8	25
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	815	34
Merchant	9	2
Broker, Agent, Factor	53	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	41	-
Accountant	26	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	5	1
Commercial Traveller	121	8
Commercial Clerk	413	14
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	4	-
Banker	3	1
Bank Service	69	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	6	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	65	5
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	6,040	28
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	101	-
Railway Guard	35	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	8	1
Other Railway Officials and Servants	241	2
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	3	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	46	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	122	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	352	7
Tramway Companies' Service	61	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	11	-
Inland Navigation Service	3	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	204	2
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	3,937	7
Pilot	12	-
Ship Steward, Cook	219	3
Boatman on Seas	17	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	182	3
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	50	-
Meter, Weigher	7	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	409	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	18	-
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	452	13
Farmer, Grazier	38	2
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	5	-
Farm Bailiff	13	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	246	9
Shepherd	1	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	1	-
Agricultural Student	2	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	2	-
Woodman	3	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	18	2
Gardener (not domestic)	123	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	235	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	7	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	91	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	9	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	19	-
Drover	16	-
Gamekeeper	3	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	3	-
Fisherman	82	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	5	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	301	31
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	36	13
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	8	2
Bookbinder	24	14
Printer	197	1
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	31	1
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	3	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	1	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	1,274	21
Engine, Machine Maker	177	2
Millwright	78	1
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	561	2
Boiler Maker	283	3
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	2	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	4	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	16	-
Saw Maker	5	-
Domestic Implement Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	91	3
Philosophical Instrument Maker	4	1
Electrical Apparatus Maker	6	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	5	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	3	1
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	8	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	15	1
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	3	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	9	7
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	2	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	4,178	59
Builder	152	-
Carpenter, Joiner	1,310	2
Bricklayer	924	2
Mason	235	-
Slater, Tiler	30	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	188	1
Paperhanger	24	1
Plumber	221	2
Painter, Glazier	660	3
Cabinet Maker	208	32
French Polisher	43	1
Furniture Broker, Dealer	48	11
Locksmith, Bellhanger	6	-
Gas Fitter	82	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	5	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	8	-
Wood Carver	1	-
Carver, Gilder	23	-
Dealer in Works of Art	3	2
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	1
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	5	-
Artificial Flower Maker	1	1
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	217	1
Coachmaker	92	1
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	79	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	42	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	3,181	11
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	1,147	8
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	1,795	1
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	24	1
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	134	1
Sail Maker	81	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	112	3
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	2
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	1	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	3	-
Chemist, Druggist	97	1
Manufacturing Chemist	8	-
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	54	22
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	49	22
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	5	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	2,698	694
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	262	50
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	45	305
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	36	16
Maltster	5	-
Brewer	147	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	190	57
Cellarman	37	1
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	39	3
Milkseller, Dairyman	140	11
Cheesemonger, Butterman	6	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	365	21
Provision Curer, Dealer	33	1
Poulterer, Game Dealer	11	2
Fishmonger	80	9
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	32	3
Corn Miller	19	-
Baker	475	24
Confectioner, Pastrycook	80	57
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	197	68
Sugar Refiner	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	468	64
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	30	2
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	335	294
Woolstapler	1	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	5	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	-	10
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	3	-
Ribbon Manufacture	-	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	9	3
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	2	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	9
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	50	1
Mat Maker, Seller	1	1
Net Maker	1	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	18	7
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	6	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	229	238
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	16
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	1
Embroiderer	-	5
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	1,383	4,418
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	28	13
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	12
Tailor	505	461
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	150	3,213
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	5	608
Hosiery Manufacture	4	-
Hosier, Haberdasher	13	6
Glover, Glove Maker	-	1
Button Maker, Dealer	2	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	576	70
Patten, Clog Maker	1	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	81	3
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	9	8
Accoutrement Maker	3	5
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	5	18
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	82	18
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	6	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	6	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	1	-
Currier	22	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	12	3
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	30	5
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	9
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	385	94
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	4	1
Oil and Colourman	9	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	24	7
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	3	-
Thatcher	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	48	2
Sawyer	112	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	18	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	26	3
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	57	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	32	-
Paper Manufacture	5	2
Stationer, Law Stationer	30	16
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	5	62
Ticket, Label Writer	3	-
Others	6	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,907	36
Coal Miner	70	-
Ironstone Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	2	-
[Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook]	1	-
Coal Merchant	65	5
Coalheaver	43	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	6	-
Gas Works Service	66	1
Stone Quarrier	5	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	9	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	3	-
Limeburner	1	-
Well Sinker, Borer	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	4	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	204	1
Paviour	7	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	47	1
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	15	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	60	-
Others	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	6	1
Glass Manufacture	5	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	36	7
Salt Maker, Dealer	1	1
Waterworks Service	25	-
Others	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	44	9
Gold, Silver, Beater	3	-
Lapidary	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	196	-
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	644	2
Whitesmith	44	-
Nail Manufacture	3	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	2	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	74	5
[Coppersmith]	92	1
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	36	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	2
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	2	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	55	-
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	2	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	5	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	2	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	12	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	3,615	203
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	244	74
Pawnbroker	67	14
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	196	52
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	47	4
Contractor (undefined)	10	-
General Labourer	2,164	10
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	594	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	213	8
Apprentice (undefined)	24	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	49	1
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	7	39
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	40	5
Town Drainage Service	7	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	22	1
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	1	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	10	4
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	851	5,988
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	851	5,988
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	343	17,770
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	23	5
[Blank field, or illegible]	320	17,765

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)