Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 18 : " Occupations of Females aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List England Dep	Cheshire RegC

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Females	135,063
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	68
(1) Officers of National Government	37
Post Office	37
Others	0
(2) Officers of Local Government	31
Prison Officer	9
Union and Parish Officer	21
Others	1
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	1,645
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	25
(a) Religious Teachers	18
(b) Pew Opener	2
Other Church Officers	5
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	0
Law Stationer, &c.	0
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	61
Druggist	14
Midwife	43
Other Dealers in Drugs	4
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	0
In Literature	0
(5) Artists	10
Artist, Painter	9
Engaged in Fine Arts	0
Others	1
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	61
(6} Musician	14
Music-mistress	47
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	8
Actress	6
In Theatres, Exhibitions	2
(8) Teachers	1,480
Schoolmistress	828
Teacher of Languages	16
General Teacher	243
Governess	388
Other Teachers	5
(9) Scientific Persons	0
Scientific Person	0
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	68,682
(1) Wives	57,184
Wives (not oth. des.)	57,184
(2) Widows	6,144
Widows (not oth. des.)	6,144
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	5,322
Children and Relatives	5,322
(4) Scholars (so described)	32
Scholars (so described)	32
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	17,957
(1) In Board and Lodging	1,819
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	130
Innkeeper’s "Wife"	302
Publican	153
Beerseller	67
Publican’s "Wife"	751
Lodging-house Keeper	344
Lodg.-ho. Kpr.'s "Wife"	41
Coffee-house Keeper	13
Officer of Institution	8
Others	10
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	16,138
Domst. Serv. (General)	8,549
Housekeeper	1,790
Cook	1,488
Housemaid	1,519
Nurse	717
Laundrymaid	102
Inn Servant	252
Hospital Nurse, &c.	27
Nurse (not Domst. Servt.)	286
Charwoman	1,366
Others	42
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	703
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	59
In Mercantile Pursuits	59
(2) Other General Dealers	644
Pawnbroker	41
Gen. Dlr., Costermonger	33
Shopkeeper	238
Shopkeeper’s "Wife"	73
Hawker and Pedlar	239
Other General Dealers	20
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	97
(1) Carriers on Railways	5
Railway Attendants	5
(2) Carriers on Roads	63
Toll Collector	48
Coach, Omn. Cab, Ownr.	0
Carrier, Carter	11
Others	4
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	4
On Canals and Rivers	0
Boat, Barge,--Woman	3
Others	1
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	12
In Sea Navigation	0
Shipowner	8
Others	4
(5) Engaged in Storage	7
Warehouse Woman	7
Others in Storage	0
(6) Messengers and Porters	6
Mess., Port., Errand Girl	6
Others	0
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	9,162
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	9,111
Land Proprietor	353
Farmer, Grazier	929
Farmer’s "Wife"	4,751
Farmer’s "Dau.," "Grd.-dau.," "Str.," "Niece"	1,785
Agricultural Labourer.	262
Farm Servant (in-door)	1,030
Others in Agriculture	1
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	0
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	51
Gardener	51
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	1
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	1
Fisherwoman	0
Others	1
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	769
(1) In Books	24
Bookseller, Publisher	11
Bookbinder	3
Printer	2
Others in Publications	8
(2) In Musical Instrument	1
In Musical Instruments	1
(3) In Prints and Pictures	0
In Maps, Pictures	0
(4) In Carving and Figures	1
In Carving and Figures	0
Artificial Flower-maker	0
Others	1
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	21
Toy Maker, Dealer	19
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	2
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	0
Pattern Designer	0
Eng. about Medals, &c.	0
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	3
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	3
Mkr., Dlr., in Phil. Insts.	0
Others	0
(8) In Surgical Instruments	0
Surgical Instrumt. Mak.	0
(9) In Arms	0
In manuf. of Arms	0
(10) In Machines	70
Needle Manufacture	0
Scissors-maker	0
Steel Pen Maker	0
File-maker	0
Cutler	0
Others	70
(11) In Carriages	1
Carriage-maker	1
Coachmaker	0
(12) In Harness	18
Saddler, Harness-maker	18
Whip-maker	0
(13) In Ships	0
Ship, Boat,--Builder	0
(14) In Houses and Buildings	523
House Proprietor	512
Painter, Plumber, Glazr.	9
Others	2
(15) In Furniture	94
Cabinet-maker, Uphol.	69
Chair-maker	3
Furniture Broker	16
Others	6
(16) In Implements	4
Implement Maker	4
(17) In Chemicals	9
Dyer, Calenderer	4
Others	5
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	30,292
(1) In Wool and Worsted	177
Knitter	15
Woollen Cloth manuf.	154
Clothier	0
Worsted manufacture	3
Stuff manufacture	0
Berlin Wool,--Dlr., Wkr.	4
Flannel manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	0
Others	1
(2) In Silk	7,557
Silk manufacture	7,533
Ribbon manufacture	19
Fancy Goods (Silk)	0
Others	5
(3) In Cotton and Flax	11,226
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	7
Thread manufacture	3
Tape manuf., Dealer	0
Lace manufacture	16
Cotton manufacture	11,094
Fustian manufacture	27
Muslin manufacture	0
Muslin Embroiderer	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	58
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	3
Others	18
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	202
Weaver (undefined)	40
Draper, Mercer	136
Trimming-maker	5
Embroiderer	2
Others	19
(5) In Dress	11,113
Hatter, Hat manuf.	176
Straw Plait manuf.	2
Straw Hat, Bonnet, Mak.	58
Bonnet-maker	115
Cap-maker	29
Shawl manufacture	1
Furrier	2
Tailor	94
Clothes Dealer, Outfitter	10
Button-maker	14
Milliner, Dressmaker	4,194
Shirtmaker, Seamstress	737
Stay-maker	132
Fancy Worker	3
Hose, Stocking,--manuf.	6
Hosier, Haberdasher	28
Glover, Leather, &c.	8
Glove Knitter	1
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	979
Shoemaker's "Wife"	1,610
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	8
Laundress	2,892
Others	14
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	17
Mat Maker, Seller	1
Hemp manufacture	1
Rope, Cord,--Maker	11
Net-maker	0
Canvas Maker, Dealer	0
Sailcloth manufacture	1
Other Workers in Hemp	3
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	1,810
(1) In Animal Food	1,067
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	67
Cheesemonger	6
Butcher	47
Butcher’s "Wife"	621
Provision Curer, Dealer	278
Poulterer, Game Dealer	14
Fishmonger	34
Others	0
(2) In Vegetable Food	364
Miller	4
Flour Dealer, Agent	8
Baker	75
Confectioner	191
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	66
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	12
Others	8
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	379
Brewer, &c.	1
Wine Merchant	13
Grocer, Tea Dealer	339
Tobo ,Cig.,Snuff, manuf.	4
Tobacconist	15
Others	7
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	20
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	2
Tallow-chandler	0
Comb-maker	0
Others	2
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	12
Currier	5
Others	7
(3) In Hair	6
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	2
Brush, Broom,--Maker	4
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	61
(1) In Gums and Resins	5
French-polisher	4
Japanner	0
In Gums and Resins	1
Others	0
(2) In Wood	7
Wood Dealer	0
Box-maker	1
Others	6
(3) In Bark	0
Workers, Dlrs., in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	10
Basket-maker	7
Others	3
(5) In Paper	39
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	6
Paper manufacture	12
Stationer (not Law)	19
Envelope-maker	0
Paper-box Maker	2
Paper-stainer	0
Other Workers in Paper	0
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	162
(1) In Mining	1
In Minerals	1
(2) In Coal	31
Coal Merchant, Dealer	22
Coal Labourer	7
Others	2
(3) In Stone, Clay	7
Brick Maker, Dealer	5
Others	2
(4) In Earthenware	66
Earthenware manuf.	35
Tobacco-pipe Maker	5
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	26
Others	0
(5) In Glass	1
Glass manufacture	0
Others	1
(6) In Salt	8
Salt Makers and Dealers	8
(7) In Water	0
Water Provider	0
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	2
In Gold, Silver, &c.	0
Goldsmith, Jeweller	2
Others	0
(9) In Copper	0
Workers, Dlrs., in Copper	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	0
Tin manufacture	0
Others	0
(11) In Zinc	0
In Zinc	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	16
In Lead	16
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	2
Pin manufacture	0
Lacquerer	0
Others	0
In Brass	2
(14) In Iron and Steel	28
Iron manufacture	1
Blacksmith	8
Nail manufacture	3
Anchor, Chain, Smith	0
Ironmonger	12
Screw Cutter, Maker	0
In Iron and Steel	4
Others	0
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	111
(1) General Labourers	46
Labourer	46
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	65
Shopwoman, Assistant	57
Others of indef. occupn.	8
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	1,405
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	1,405
Gentlewoman	401
Annuitant	1,004
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	495
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	478
Dependent on relatives	14
Almsperson, no. stat. occ.	70
Pauper, no stated occ.	310
Lunatic, no stated occ.	77
Others	7
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	12
Prisoner, no stated occ.	10
Others of Criminal Class	2
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	5
Vagrant, Beggar	2
Gipsy	3
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	1,623
Visitor, no stated occ.	562
Others of no stated occupation or condition.	1,061

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.